We use optimal control theory to determine the manufacturing, remanufacturing, and disposal rates in a closed-loop supply chain. The returned items are of different quality levels. firm grades according their quality. Each class is remanufactured stocked separately. Also, all subject deterioration rate depends on class. Finally, each sold segment customers. An illustrative example presented alo...

Due to increasing environmental awareness, companies have started embracing the green supply chain concept reduce waste of resources. Based on this increased an integrated closed-loop has been developed, which integrates forward and reverse chain. The follows same path as in direction recycle used products. uncertain quality products, not all products can be selected for recycling reproduction,...

Nowadays, enterprises have to be good for society, take care of the environment, and achieve profit at same time. And closed-loop supply chain helps them being so. However, there is a lack bibliometric visualization research in area “Closed-Loop Supply Chain”. Thus, this aims present overview define current state scientific production regarding The review 807 publications from Scopus database (...

The industrialization of new energy vehicles has accelerated, and the recycling industry driven by a large number retired power batteries exploded rapidly. How to control deal with decommissioned balance economic environmental benefits become an urgent problem be solved. Considering influence uncertain interference factors, dynamic equilibrium strategy battery closed-loop supply chain members c...