The commonly used 1-step and 2-step System GMM estimators for the panel AR(1) model are inconsistent under mean stationarity when ratio of variance individual effects to idiosyncratic errors is unbounded N→∞. reason their inconsistency that weight matrices select moment conditions do not identify autoregressive parameter. This paper proposes a new estimator still consistent in this case provide...

This article considers certain dimensions of the quality employment in Brazil, particularly rural zones. It starts from perception changes production relations and repercussions these have on practices. A panel data methodology is applied to capture determinants job quality, a index proposed. Rural more precarious than its urban counterpart, although differences been diminishing over time. In a...

This paper considers generalized method of moments (GMM) and sequential GMM (SGMM) estimation dynamic short panel data models. The efficient motivated from the quasi maximum likelihood (QML) can avoid use many instrument variables (IV) for estimation. It be asymptotically as estimators (MLE) when disturbances are normal, more than QML not normal. SGMM, which also incorporates IVs, generalizes m...

the paper presents an analysis of both energy intensity and energy demand for the italianindustrial sector. the aim of the paper is twofold: making a decomposition of energy intensity at the aggregate level and modeling energy demand at the firm level. the decomposition of energy intensity shows different patterns for the different sub-sectors in the period of interest. in the micro approach, p...

This study examines the impact of financial inclusiveness on economic growth using a sample 60 countries from 2010 to 2017. A new Index Financial Inclusion (IFI) has been constructed for each country determine their level across time. The main findings dynamic panel threshold estimation technique revealed effect in inclusiveness-growth nexus. We find that is beneficial and positively affects at...

The spatial panel data model is a standard tool for analyzing data with both spatial correlation and dynamic dependences among economic units. Conventional estimation methods rely on the key assumption that the spatial weight matrix is strictly exogenous, which would likely be violated in some empirical applications where spatial weights are determined by economic factors. This paper studies th...