objective: aminoglycosides are highly potent, broad-spectrum antibiotics with many desirable properties for the treatment of life-threatening infections. escherichia coli (e. coli) is the most common cause of urinary tract infection (uti). antibiotic resistance has recently become prevalent. enzymatic inactivation of aminoglycosides by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes is the main mechanism of r...

Elevated amount of the free radicals due to ionizing radiation causes deteriorating damage on immune system. Therefore, we made attempts to investigate the protective effect of vitamin E (vit-E), a biological antioxidant in BALB/c mice, so as to find an affordable prophylactic supplementation for individuals who are at risk. Several groups of mice were selected and exposed to sub-lethal g -irra...

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 are zoonotic pathogens associated with haemorrhagic colitis (HC) and the haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Ruminants are the main reservoir of this organism and most outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7 infections are food borne. Food contamination by ruminant manure has been reported as the primary source of human infection, therefore inhibition of E. coli O...

In this study, characterization of the gag gene of small ruminant lentiviruses was carried out in Italian mixed flocks. The nearly complete gag gene was amplified and sequenced. Within genotype A, subtype A1 and a novel subtype, A8, were found in goats, and another novel subtype, A9, was found in both sheep and goats. Subtype B1 was found in both host species and subtype B2 was identified only ...

Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus genotype G1 was investigated in 55 cattle, 129 buffaloes, 10 sheep and 10 goat samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These 204 samples were collected from 64 liver and 140 lungs of slaughtered animals from three districts Okara (n= 29), Jhang (n = 43) and Lahore (n= 132). E. granulosus G1 genomic DNA was used for specific amplification of a 254-bp fra...

BACKGROUND Blood agar is used for the identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of many bacterial pathogens. In the developing world, microbiologists use human blood agar because of the high cost and inhospitable conditions for raising wool sheep or horses to supply blood. Many pathogens either fail to grow entirely or exhibit morphologies and hemolytic patterns on human blood agar t...

Tick-borne fever (TBF) is caused by the rickettsiae Ehrlichia phagocytophila and is a common disease in sheep in tick (Ixodes ricinus) infested areas in Norway. Earlier investigations have shown that some sheep could remain infected for several months after the primary infection. In this study, the persistence of E. phagocytophila after experimental infection was investigated in 2 age groups of...

BACKGROUND Septic shock is characterized by systemic vasodilation and an impaired reactivity to vasoconstrictor agents. It has been suggested that an excessive release of nitric oxide has a role in this hemodynamic derangement. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by the administration of N omega-nitro-L-arginine (LNNA), improves the vasoconstrictor effects of...

A portable 12-v battery-operated coyote frightening device was developed for reducing coyote predation on sheep and evaluated on fenced pasture farm flock operations (1979-1982). In 1986, the final experimental model consisted of a PVC case, a timer, a blinking strobe light, and a warbling type siren that was activated for 7-10 seconds at about 6-7 minute intervals throughout the night. The dev...

BACKGROUND Echinococcosis/hydatidosis is considered endemic in Mauritania. The aim of this study is to present an epidemiological study on the echinococcosis in man and animals in the Nouakchott region. METHODS The internal organs from livestock carcasses were inspected for research of hydatid cysts. The hydatid fluid was examined for research of the protoscoleces. Dogs were necropsied for th...