The mastoid air cell system has traditionally been considered to have a passive role in gas exchange and pressure regulation of the middle ear possibly with some acoustic function. However, more evidence has focused on the mucosa of the mastoid, which may play a more active role in regulation of middle ear pressure. In this study we have applied micro-CT scanning on a series of three human temp...

OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to assess feasibility of using a 1.3mm semi-rigid interventional salivary endoscope for middle ear endoscopy and as a route for trans-tympanic delivery of medication in human cadaveric temporal bones. METHODS Five temporal bones harvested from human cadavers were examined. A 1.3mm diameter 0 degree. Marchal interventional sialendoscope equipped with an inte...

This study was designed to verify an eventual perilymphatic fistula (PLF) in 264 patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and/or vertigo. The patients were exposed to a low-frequency sound stimulation (LFS) on posturography to objectively test Tullio's phenomenon and Hennebert's sign. Endoscopes with 5 degree and 25 degree of visual angle and an outer diameter of 1.7 mm were used. The ro...

Microvilli (stereocilia) projecting from the apex of hair cells in the inner ear are actively motile structures that feed energy into the vibration of the inner ear and enhance sensitivity to sound. The biophysical mechanism underlying the hair bundle motor is unknown. In this study, we examined a membrane flexoelectric origin for active movements in stereocilia and conclude that it is likely t...

in order to investigate the contribution of ear photosynthesis and cytokinin in determining grain sink size, a pot study was conducted during january to june 2005 in cereal glasshouse of faculty of agriculture of karaj, iran. experiment was conducted in a complete randomized design with a factorial arrangement of two factors, three replications and four pots in each plot. factors included culti...

OBJECTIVE Accurate ear-canal acoustic measurements, such as wideband acoustic admittance, absorbance, and otoacoustic emissions, require that the measurement probe be tightly sealed in the ear canal. Air leaks can compromise the validity of the measurements, interfere with calibrations, and increase variability. There are no established procedures for determining the presence of air leaks or cr...

background and aim: aging is accompanied with changes in cognitive capacities. in spite of advances in neural imaging technologies, there is not a straightforward method to observe cognitive functions. for assessing brain functions, researchers mainly use psychometric tests. the aim of this study was using consonant-vowel (cv) dichotic test as a non-invasive behavioral test for auditory attenti...

objective: field experiment was conducted in 2009 to investigate the effects of plant density and weed interference on morphological characteristics and yield of corn (zea mays, l.) at research station of university of tabriz, tabriz, iran. methods: the experiment was arranged as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. plant density (d1, d2, d3 and d4: 5, 7...

abstract soil beneficial microorganisms such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) are able to enhance plant growth. the research was conducted using a randomized complete block design as split plot factorial with three factors (nutrient management, azospirillum and azotobacter strains) .in this experiment the effect of azospirillum and azotobacter inoculation on yield and yield compon...

in order to study morphological traits, yield and yield components of 34 hybrids of corn, an experiment was carried out based on of randomized complete block design with three replications under normal irrigation condition in khorasan razavi agricultural research and natural resources center, mashhad, iran on 2009. results of analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences b...