OBJECTIVE To measure, using objective pre- and posttraining assessments, the degree of improvement in laparoscopic skills following training with a new laparoscopy training simulator (LTS 2000). METHODS This study utilized the LTS 2000 training simulator. The simulator was used in conjunction with a laparoscope joined to a camera, light source, and monitor or with a camcorder. Eleven exercise...

BACKGROUND A stemless shoulder prosthesis with humeral metaphyseal screw fixation was introduced in order to save bone-stock and to facilitate reconstruction of biomechanics (Eclipse®). The aim of this study was to analyze whether the risk of infection is different with this implant compared to conventional shoulder prosthesis. METHODS Two hundred and forty-one patients (54.8% females) were o...

The solar eclipse has a great influence on the variability of ionosphere because obscuration radiation. Using equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and plasma measurements from Swarm, zonal winds Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging Ionospheric Connection Explorer mission, electron density Constellation Observing Systems Meteorology, Ionosphere, Climate temporal respo...

OBJECTIVE To monitor the effect of a novel nicotine delivery device that may produce fewer carcinogens (Eclipse) on cigarette smoking, carbon monoxide and nicotine concentrations, and motivation to give up smoking. The smoker's own brand of cigarette and a nicotine replacement product (Nicotrol inhaler) were used as comparisons. DESIGN After baseline data were recorded, smokers were randomise...

A solar eclipse is an unusual natural occurrence. Muslims used the phenomenon of a as season for prayer, which was only carried out during from early in until end. Although there no statistically significant difference estimating eclipse, seasons change, becomes increasingly important. Lots alternatives can be reference determination eclipse. Among commonly calculation spherical astronomy. Desp...

This paper presents an optimized channel usage scheme between simulator and simulation accelerator, assuming that the target system is composed of building blocks interconnected by a system bus. Unlike the conventional scheme, where the progresses of simulator and accelerator are synchronized at every simulation time, the proposed method synchronizes them only at boundaries of burst transfers o...

CONTEXT The tobacco industry is introducing modified tobacco products claiming to reduce the risk of smoking (potential reduced exposure products, PREPs). If PREPs are perceived as safe, they may deter smokers from quitting and encourage re-initiation by smokers who have quit. OBJECTIVE To assess smokers' and ex-smokers' perceptions of PREPs and the impact of PREP claims on interest in quitti...

Abstract The effects of physical events on the ionosphere structure is an important field study, especially for navigation and radio communication. paper presents spatio-temporal ionospheric TEC response to recent annular solar eclipse June 21, 2020, which spans across two continents, Africa Asia, 14 countries. This took place same day as Solstice. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) base...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of 3 portable oxygen concentrators (POCs) to maintain S(pO2) ≥ 90% during exercise in patients with chronic lung disease. METHODS Twenty-one subjects with chronic lung disease (18 with COPD, 3 with pulmonary fibrosis) and documented room air exertional S(pO2) ≤ 85% performed four 6-min walk tests: a control walk using the subject...

The glyphs, which are presented in full in Figure S13, not only made predictions of a lunar or solar eclipse in a particular month but also what time of day that eclipse might occur. Eclipse times in the glyphs are given as integers on a 12-hour scale using the ancient Greek number system with the alphabet standing for numbers and an additional symbol ς for 6. The times in the glyphs are modifi...