The interannual variability of the stratospheric polar vortex during winter in both hemispheres is observed to correlate strongly with the phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in tropical stratospheric winds. It follows that the lack of a spontaneously generated QBO in most atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) adversely affects the nature of polar variability in such models. ...

The influence of ENSO-related changes in the Atlantic-to-Pacific freshwater budget on the North Atlantic meridional overturning is examined using the University of Victoria (UVic) Earth System Climate Model. The initial analysis of freshwater fluxes in the 50-yr NCEP–NCAR (NCEP50) reanalysis product and Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) dataset reveals that the transport of water ...

The Water and Global Change (WATCH) project evaluation of the terrestrial water cycle involves using land surface models and general hydrological models to assess hydrologically important variables including evaporation, soil moisture, and runoff. Such models require meteorological forcing data, and this paper describes the creation of the WATCH Forcing Data for 1958–2001 based on the 40-yr ECM...

To my family in China and my wife Yun ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank Prof. Robert Dickinson for advising my thesis and providing support for my PhD study for the past five years. This dissertation would be impossible without his continuous encouragement and support. I am grateful to the support and help from and discussions with Prof. Albany). I also like to thank my current and past group me...

This paper describes an assessment of the Regional Climate Model, version 3 (RegCM3), coupled to two land surface schemes: the Biosphere–Atmosphere Transfer System, version 1e (BATS1e), and the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS). The model’s performance in simulating precipitation over the Maritime Continent was evaluated against the 3-hourly Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multis...

A Japanese long-term reanalysis (JRA-25) was completed in 2006 utilizing the comprehensive set of observations from the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40). JRA-25 and ERA-40 adopted the same type of assimilation systems: 3DVAR with direct use of satellite sounding radiances. Long-term upper-air thermal tendencies in both reanalyses are examined and compared with the observational deep-layer tempe...

Stratospheric sudden warmings are the clearest and strongest manifestation of dynamical coupling in the stratosphere–troposphere system. While many sudden warmings have been individually documented in the literature, this study aims at constructing a comprehensive climatology: all major midwinter warming events are identified and classified, in both the NCEP–NCAR and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ER...

Understanding links between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and snow would be useful for seasonal forecasting, as well as for understanding natural variability and interpreting climate change predictions. Here, a 545-yr run of the third climate configuration of the Met Office Unified Model (HadCM3), with prescribed external forcings and fixed greenhouse gas concentrations, is used to ex...

Based on marine environmental factors of different sea areas, a high-performance clutter time series modeling algorithm for the real surface is developed to study amplitude mean and Doppler spectrum characteristics clutter. The European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data set (ERA-Interim) ESA’s soil moisture ocean salinity (SMOS) are utilized establish databases factors. Combine...

The present study investigates the impact of northern mid-winter major stratospheric warming on tropical convection over Indian region by examining five Mid-winter Major Stratospheric Warming (MSW) events 2003/04, 2005/06, 2008/09, 2012/13, and 2018/19. dynamical variables like temperature, wind components, Outgoing Longwave Radiation are utilized from ECMWF ERA-Interim Reanalysis NOAA site. El...