γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is readily accessible by catalytic hydrogenation of carbohydrate-derived levulinic acid (LA) and an attractive biobased chemical with a wide range applications in both the (e.g., as biomass-derived solvent) transportation fuel sector. In this study, we used isotopic labeling experiments to provide insights into pathways involved conversion LA GVL under different reaction c...

The bio-thermodynamic structures of a mixed native species plantation, a conifer plantation and an Acacia mangium plantation in Southern China were quantified over a period of 15 years based on eco-exergy methods. The efficiencies of structural development and maintenance were quantified through an integrated application of eco-exergy and emergy methods. The results showed that the storage of e...

In order to solve environmental issues, transition form conventional business to environmentally conscious business (Eco-business) is eagerly required. In order to promote Eco-business, it will be effective to support finding out Eco-business ideas. To do so, this paper takes an approach that provides business designer with general rules and prerequisites extracted from existing Eco-businesses....

The potential between two D4-branes at angles with partially unbroken supersymmetry is computed, and is used to discuss the creation of a fundamental string when two such D4-branes cross each other in M(atrix) theory. The effective Lagrangian is shown to be anomalous at 1-loop approximation, but it can be modified by bare Chern-Simons terms to preserve the invariance under the large gauge trans...

In this work, we first derive the corrections to instanton configuration of flavored gauge field in D4--D8 model with generic flavor numbers. Then, as on D8-branes represents equivalently baryon model, keeping our hand, systemically study spectrum baryon, heavy-light or meson and find it is possible fit experimental data model. We also briefly outline how include interaction glueball correction...

Although there is increasing use of eco-labeling, conditions under which eco-labels can command price premiums are not fully understood. In this article, we demonstrate that the certification of environmental practices by a third party should be analyzed as a strategy distinct from—although related to—the disclosure of the eco-certification through a label posted on the product. By assessing ec...