Abstract RIVER restoration is a popular technique to rehabilitate degraded river habitat. Given the nature of these types engineering projects, using ecological indicators monitor effectiveness has been traditional approach. However, as this approach emphasizes post-project performance, environmental impact attributed project’s construction phase received little attention directly or indirectly...

1. Biological invasion can permanently alter ecosystem structure and function. Invasive species are difficult to eradicate, so methods for constraining invasions would be ecologically valuable. We examined the potential of ecological restoration to constrain invasion of an old field by Agropyron cristatum , an introduced C 3 grass. 2. A field experiment was conducted in the northern Great Plain...