In recent years there has been increased debate about the potential for shifting the incidence of the tax system away from a variety of economic ‘goods’ (i.e. employment, investment, etc ...) and towards environmental ‘bads’ (i.e. pollution emissions, resource extraction, etc ...). However, in spite of their apparent efficiency, economic instruments have been adopted relatively less frequently ...

We evaluate the effect of tort reform on employer-sponsored health insurance premiums by exploiting state-level variation in the timing of reforms. Using a dataset of healthplans representing over 10 million Americans annually between 1998 and 2006, we find that caps on non-economic damages, collateral source reform, and joint and several liability reform reduce premiums by 1 to 2 percent each....

Two decades of China's urban housing reform has produced significant quantitative and qualitative improvements. Despite various policies aimed to promote owner-occupied residential housing, the extent of commodification has been limited, and, in particular, most ownership transactions are independent of market considerations. This paper analyzes the reasons why significant commercial owner-occu...

The evolution of school spending over time is related to legislative school reforms expanding the scale and the scope of the school system. This study addresses the determination of legislative reforms and primary school spending, using a data base for Norway 1880 1990. Reforms are understood as the result of growth in demand for school services over time and economic and political conditions c...

If regulation is, as Brown et al. (2006) conclude, the least explored of the three main government functions (taxation, expenditure and regulation), the factors which promote regulatory reform have generally received still less attention. Yet the capacity to promote timely and appropriate regulatory management in a situation of ever-increasing economic and technical complexity is of utmost impo...

Sustained industrial growth has been widely acknowledged as an engine of economic transformation. Less developed countries, however, remained predominantly agrarian due to lack of dynamism in the industrial economy and the low level of industrialization. Economic policy reform programme was initiated in July 1991 to generate essential dynamism in the industrial sector for successful transformat...

Carling, Holmlund and Vejsiu reported in the October 2001 issue of the Economic Journal that a cut in the unemployment insurance replacement rate from 80 to 75 percent caused a 10 percent increase in the job finding rate. They also identify an anticipatory reform effect up to five months before the reform. Implied elasticity at 1,6 is high compared to previous research in Sweden and elsewhere. ...

Capitalizing on the most recent estimates of agricultural border protection in China and in other countries, this paper assesses the economic and poverty impact of global trade reform in China. It also examines the interplay between the trade reforms and factor market reforms aimed at improving the allocation of labor within the Chinese economy. The results suggest that trade reforms in the res...

this study aimed to explore the effects of national targeted subsidies policy on health behavior of iranian households.in this qualitative study, data were collected between january 2012 and december 2013 through face-to-face interviews (23 experts in national and provincial levels of health system and 18 household heads) and through a comprehensive and purposive document analysis. the data was...