background: diabetes is a common metabolic disorder leading to the development of many complications, among which diabetic retinopathy and macular edema are the most significant. these complications can contribute to blindness if not diagnosed or treated properly, and several studies have been conducted to evaluate the methods for the prevention or slowing down their progression. therefore, ser...

pervious studies have shown that pentoxifylline (ptx) has beneficial effects in reduction of stroke and brain trauma injuries in experimental animals. however, there is very little and controversial information about the effect of ptx on brain edema in cerebral ischemia. therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of different doses of ptx on brain edema and neurological motor...

purpose: to evaluate the efficacy of riboflavin administration and ultraviolet a (uva) cross-linking on advanced symptomatic bullous keratopathy (bk). methods: 10 patients with symptomatic pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (pbk) were included. slit-lamp examination, visual acuity, foreign body sensation (fbs) and corneal thickness as measured by pentacam, were performed before corneal cross-link...

background: central renin angiotensin system has an important role on the cerebral microcirculation and metabolism. our previous work showed that inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) activity prior to induction of ischemia protected the brain from severe ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injuries. this study evaluated the impacts of post-ischemic inhibition of ace, enalapril, on brain inf...

purpose : the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adjuvant treatments on contrast sensitivity in patients with clinically significant macular edema (csme) treated with macular photocoagulation (mpc). methods : forty eight eyes from 30 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (npdr) and csme were included in a prospective randomized clinical trial between august 2008 and ...

rhinoplasty is one of the most common aesthetic procedures in the world. it is the most common aesthetic surgery procedure in iran. achieving complete patient satisfaction is almost impossible but improving the aesthetics and function of the nose is the aim of surgery. this report describes a 34 years old woman with a large bump in the tip of the nose after three times cosmetic rhinoplasties. t...

background: magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is a safe modality and useful in characterizing normal and abnormal bone marrow (bm). mri also presents a more global view of bm than biopsy therefore, it may provide a better understanding of hematologic disorders. the purpose of this study was to monitor radiation-induced alterations of bm in acute phase of irradiation (1-10 day after total body ir...

BACKGROUND Osteotomy is one of the major steps in rhinoplasty. The aim of study was to compare edema and ecchymosis after external and internal lateral osteotomy in patients who underwent rhinoplasty. METHODS Based on a prospective randomized clinical trial, 168 osteotomies were performed through an external route in a perforating fashion and internal route in a continuous fashion at r...

TO THE EDITOR: We read with interest the Point:Counterpoint opinion piece titled “Pulmonary edema does/does not occur in human athletes performing heavy sea-level exercise” (3). We do not think there is much debate to this opinion piece. Several studies using healthy human subjects (2, 4, 5, 7) demonstrate evidence of pulmonary edema from sea-level exercise. In a recent review (6), 51 of 78 sub...

Cerebral edema/brain edema refers to the accumulation of fluid in the brain and is one of the fatal conditions that require immediate medical attention. Cerebral edema develops as a consequence of cerebral trauma, cerebral infarction, hemorrhages, abscess, tumor, hypoxia, and other toxic or metabolic factors. Based on the causative factors cerebral edema is differentiated into cytotoxic cerebra...