We have theorized that large neurons in the ventral and medial reticular formation of the medulla are critical for both autonomic and cortical arousal. To test this theory, we anesthetized rats with urethane, lowered concentric bipolar stimulating electrodes into the medullary reticular formation, and implanted electroencephalogram (EEG) and ECG recording electrodes. We stimulated in the medull...

Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves are spiky field potentials generated in cholinergic nuclei of the dorsolateral mesopontine tegmentum just prior to and during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and transferred toward thalamic nuclei. These events are commonly regarded as physiological correlates of oneiric behavior. We have examined the PGO-related discharges of physiologically identified neuro...

The sites of action of ketamine (CI-581 ; 2-(0-chlorophenyl)-2-methylamino cyclo-hexamine HCI) were determined in the central nervous system using electrophysiological techniques in both acute and chronic cat experiments. It was demonstrated in chronic preparations that the cataleptic anesthetic state induced by ketamine is accompanied by an alternating pattern of hypersynchronous delta wave bu...

Sleep slow waves are the main phenomenon underlying NREM sleep. They are homeostatically regulated, they are thought to be linked to learning and plasticity processes and, at the same time, they are associated with marked changes in cortical information processing. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and high-density (hd) EEG we can measure slow waves, induce and measure plastic chang...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Slow wave activity (SWA) during NREM sleep is the best characterized marker of sleep homeostasis, and the occurrence of sleep slow waves is necessary to reduce sleep need. Recent evidence suggests that sleep slow waves may mediate several beneficial effects of sleep on performance, from the prevention of cognitive impairments to memory consolidation. However, slow waves are also...

The activities of the brain and the heart are dynamic, chaotic, and possibly intrinsically coordinated. This study aims to investigate the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program on the chaoticity of electronic activities of the brain and the heart, and to explore their potential correlation. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded at the beginni...

With respect to the dramatic increasing use of electronically communicators and wireless modems, concerns have been raised about the possible effects of emitted electromagnetic radiation on human brain. In this paper, the effects of high-frequency wireless modem waves on the brain signal are investigated. To this end, the Electroencephalograph (EEG) recording of 15 volunteers is examined in fou...

BACKGROUND There is poor inter-rater agreement in determining the presence or absence of hypsarrhythmia among patients with infantile spasms. Yet, remission of hypsarrhythmia has been used as a clinical and research outcome measure. Two important features of hypsarrhythmia are the burden of epileptiform discharges and the amplitudes of background slow waves. We hypothesized that an electroencep...

Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) has vital and significant applications in different medical fields and is used for the primary evaluation of neurological disorders. Hence, having easy access to suitable and useful signal is very important. Artifacts are undesirable confusions which are generally originated from inevitable human activities such as heartbeat, blinking of eyes and facial ...