Pharmaceutical companies incorporate different features into the trials for new drug applications (NDAs) to render them efficient, making use of their experience. The objective of this analysis was to examine the associations between outcome and features related to study design and clinical development experience in commercially sponsored clinical trials. We collected data of phase 2 and phase ...

Videotaping is currently recognized as the most reliable method of predator identification at active bird nests but it is relatively expensive and labour intensive. While the number of published studies has increased over the past 10 years, the mean sample size is not increasing. Thirty-one case studies (n 5 events) reported 6 70 (median 22) predation events by 2 14 (6) species of predators. Th...

Numerous studies have reported a smaller hippocampal volume in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients than in aging controls. However, in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the results are inconsistent. Moreover, the left-right asymmetry of the hippocampus receives less research attention. In this article, meta-analyses are designed to determine the extent of hippocampal atrophy in MCI and AD, and to ...

PURPOSE The aim is of this study was to show the poor statistical power of postmortem studies. Further, this study aimed to find an estimate of the effect size for postmortem studies in order to show the importance of this parameter. This can be an aid in performing power analysis to determine a minimal sample size. METHODS GPower was used to perform calculations on sample size, effect size, ...

We study fracture of notched samples made of quasi-brittle, polyphase materials like rock, concrete or ceramics. The fracture demonstrates the size effect during loading. This means that a full-size sample made of such a material exhibits different fracture behaviour than a laboratory-size sample. The effect is explained by the existence of an extended zone of distributed defects and cracks (pr...

A central goal of translational neuroimaging is to establish robust links between brain measures and clinical outcomes. Success hinges on the development of brain biomarkers with large effect sizes. With large enough effects, a measure may be diagnostic of outcomes at the individual patient level. Surprisingly, however, standard brain-mapping analyses are not designed to estimate or optimize th...

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Different sizes of Ge nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix were formed by PECVD, and analyzed by TEM. Size effect of Ge nanocystals was demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy after excluding the thermal effect. OCIS codes: (160.4236) nanomaterial; (160.6000) semiconductor material;