A method is described for estimating the 3D reflection properties of painting materials such as oil paints and water paints. A gonio-spectral photometer is used for measuring light scattered from a variety of painting surfaces. The reflectance data are acquired at different incident and viewing geometries. The Torrance-Sparrow model is used for describing light reflection on the painting surfac...

Spectral reflectance characteristics of substrates in a coral reef environment are often measured in the field by viewing a substrate at nadir. However, viewing a substrate from multiple angles would likely result in different spectral characteristics for most coral reef substrates and provide valuable information on structural properties. To understand the relationship between the morphology o...

A novel block prior is proposed for adaptive Bayesian estimation. The prior does not depend on the smoothness of the function and the sample size. It puts sufficient prior mass near the true signal and automatically concentrates on its effective dimension. A rateoptimal posterior contraction is obtained in a general framework, which includes density estimation, white noise model, Gaussian seque...

A novel block prior is proposed for adaptive Bayesian estimation. The prior does not depend on the smoothness of the function or the sample size. It puts sufficient prior mass near the true signal and automatically concentrates on its effective dimension. A rateoptimal posterior contraction is obtained in a general framework, which includes density estimation, white noise model, Gaussian sequen...

Realistic modeling of high-resolution earth radiation signals in the visible-thermal spectral domain remains difficult, due to complex interdependence induced by heterogeneous and rugged features land surface. To find trade-off between accuracy efficiency for image simulation, this paper established a unified simulation framework entire domain, based on energy balance solar-reflected thermal co...

Lake Malawi boasts the highest diversity of freshwater fishes in the world. Nearshore sites are categorized according to their bottom substrate, rock or sand, and these habitats host divergent assemblages of cichlid fishes. Sexual selection driven by mate choice in cichlids led to spectacular diversification in male nuptial coloration. This suggests that the spectral radiance contrast of fish, ...

The radiance transmittance (Tr) is the ratio of the water-leaving radiance (Lw(0+)) to the sub-surface upwelling radiance (Lu(0-)), which is an important optical parameter for ocean optics and ocean color remote sensing. Historically, a constant value (~0.54) based on theoretical presumptions has been adopted for Tr and is widely used. This optical parameter, however, has never been measured in...

The recent development of satellite observations of limb scattered sunlight at optical wavelengths has afforded a new opportunity to measure the vertical structure of atmospheric composition from the upper troposphere to the mesosphere, on a global scale. The determination of profiles of atmospheric composition from observed limb radiance profiles requires two elements, a forward radiative tran...