The prevailing pattern of classroom interaction is a tripartite exchange structure known as IRF (teacher initiation, student response, teacher follow-up/feedback; Sinclair & Coulthard, 1975). Although it has its own contributions to classroom discourse, it has been criticized on several grounds, particularly for affording minimum learner participation opportunities (Kasper, 2001). An alternativ...

BACKGROUND Expiratory flow limitation (EFL), determined by the negative expiratory pressure (NEP) technique, can exhibit overlapping patterns in COPD, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and non-OSA obesity. We assessed the ability of a quantitative method to assess EFL to discriminate COPD from obese and OSA patients during NEP (-2 to -3 cm H(2)O) testing. METHODS EFL was quantified by measuring t...

Learner-centred design (LCD) is a nebulous concept. It can range from attempts to design with the needs of the learner at the forefront, to involving the learner at various stages of the design process, sometimes throughout the whole process. In addition, learner-centred design involving children implies additional issues which do not present themselves when using an LCD approach with adults. I...

In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the role of student in learning process and boosting motivation for English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Motivation is widely considered to be a key aspect being successful learner. Moreover, general consensus literature that one learner characteristics. This present study aims examine impact self-assessment alternative form assessme...

Topic about Learner autonomy (LA) is still interesting and trending for English Language teachers or researchers. This research aims to findhow senior high school percieve the concept of LA extent teaches’ practices promote LA. The participants were 33 private state Senior High School who joined in Deliberation Subject Teachers.The data, collected through questionnaire interview, was analyzed u...