Endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) for hepatic hilar obstruction is sometimes challenging. Moreover, when unilateral biliary drainage has already been performed, if another intrahepatic bile duct also needs to be drained, EBDmay be mademore difficult because of tumor ingrowth and the narrowed angle from which the bile duct must be accessed. In this case, percutaneous biliary drainage (PTBD) or e...

Fasciola hepatica infection may result in biliary obstruction with or without cholangitis in the chronic biliary phase. Because clinical symptoms and signs of F. hepatica are similar to other biliary diseases that cause bile duct obstruction, such as stones or bile duct malignancies, that are, in fact, more common, this condition may not be suspected and diagnosis may be overlooked and delayed....

A 63-year-old man with extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis presented with biliary obstruction and hemobilia after a liver biopsy. Balloon sweep of the common bile duct removed clotted blood, and cholangiogram showed a common bile duct narrowing, treated with biliary stenting. A percutaneous biliary catheter was later required for recurrent biliary obstruction and hemobilia, and repeat cholangio...

DOS Times Vol. 12, No. 10 April, 2007 Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the most common cause of epiphora in children. In the majority of cases, it is due to an obstruction at the lower end of the NLD. The Ophthalmologist should have the throrough understanding of the developmental anatomy, abnormalities of the nasolacrimal system and other congenital disorders for appropriate diagnos...

The eye has two sets of structures that produce tears. Smaller tear glands help maintain a baseline level of moisture on the surface of the eye. Unfortunately, inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogrens disease as well as aging and menopause lead to decreased tear production. As tear production diminishes, the surface of the eye starts to dry out. Further, inflammation of the o...

BACKGROUND To summarize the experiences with the technique of percutaneous biliary stent placement for treatment of malignant biliary obstruction in patients with different types of biliary obstruction. METHODS Percutaneous biliary stent placement was performed in 126 patients with malignant biliary obstruction. The etiology included 56 cases of cholangiocarcinoma, 28 cases of pancreatic canc...

Previous abdominal surgery is the most common cause of mechanical small bowel obstruction. However, in patients with no abdominal surgery history, it is difficult to diagnose and treat. Omphalomesenteric duct is a primitive embryonic structure of fetal development between the midgut and yolk sac. In some cases, it may persist and result in several complications, particularly in childhood. In ad...

1. A mucocele of the lacrimal sac, or 2. Chronic dacryocystitis or conjunctivitis due to lacrimal sac obstruction, or 3. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction that cannot be cured by probing (members should be over 1 year of age), or 4. Epiphora (excessive tearing) due to acquired obstruction within the nasolacrimal sac and duct, or 5. Lacrimal sac infection that must be relieved before intr...

The ultrastructure of male reproductive accessory glands was investigated in the scorpionfly Sinopanorpa tincta (Navás, 1931) (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) using light and transmission electron microscopy. The male accessory glands comprise one pair of mesodermal glands (mesadenia) and six pairs of ectodermal glands (ectadenia). The former opens into the vasa deferentia and the latter into the ejacul...

A case is reported of jaundice developing in a patient with obstruction of the left hepatic duct and partial obstruction of the right hepatic duct by tumour. Adequate drainage of bile from the right hepatic duct through a T-tube was relatively ineffective in relieving the jaundice. On the other hand, resection of the obstructed left lobe resulted in the disappearance of icterus. The basic mecha...