We study the thin-shell limit of the nonlinear elasticity model for vesicles introduced in part I. We consider vesicles of width 2ε ↓ 0 with elastic energy of order ε 3. In this regime, we show that the limit model is a bending theory for generalized hypersurfaces — namely, co-dimension 1 oriented varifolds without boundary. Up to a positive factor, the limit functional is the Willmore energy. ...

We consider atom-surface scattering at low surface temperature, fixed incident energy and fixed interaction potential. We examine the limit as the mass m of the incident particle -oc, and thus its de Broglie wavelength --* 0. We show that in this "classical" limit, the Debye-Waller factor (a quantum effect) for the strictly elastic scattering amplitude tends to a finite limit. We propose scatte...

We study the thin-shell limit of the nonlinear elasticity model for vesicles introduced in part I. We consider vesicles of width 2ε ↓ 0 with elastic energy of order ε. In this regime, we show that the limit model is a bending theory for generalized hypersurfaces— namely, co-dimension one oriented varifolds without boundary. Up to a positive factor, the limit functional is the Willmore energy. I...

Actuating periodically an elastic filament in a viscous liquid generally breaks the constraints of Purcell's scallop theorem, resulting in the generation of a net propulsive force. This observation suggests a method to design simple swimming devices-which we call "elastic swimmers"-where the actuation mechanism is embedded in a solid body and the resulting swimmer is free to move. In this paper...

We study numerically the failure of an interface joining two elastic materials under load using a fiber bundle model connected to an elastic half space. We find that the breakdown process follows the equal load sharing fiber bundle model without any detectable spatial correlations between the positions of the failing fibers until localization sets in. Depending on the elastic constant describin...

a plain strain analysis of frictional rolling contact on an elastic graded coating is presented in this paper. finite element method is applied to gain an understanding of the stresses and contact zone properties caused during rolling contact. the effects of friction, material stiffness ratio and coating thickness on stresses in contact zone and coating/substrate interface are studied. shear mo...

It is often found that tangent-stiffness finite element solutions for elastic-plastic materials exhibit much too stiff a response in the fully plastic range. This is most striking for the perfectly plastic material idealization, in which case a limit load exists within conventional small displacement gradient assumptions. However, finite element solutions often exceed the limit load by substant...

A new control law for elastic joint robots that allows to regulate an energy function of the system to a desired value is presented in this paper. Being able to either remove energy from the system or inject into it, oscillations can be both damped out and induced. The proposed nonlinear dynamic state feedback controller forces the system to evolve on a submanifold of the configuration space. T...

Elastic constants of two-dimensional (2D) colloidal crystals are determined by measuring strain fluctuations induced by Brownian motion of particles. Paramagnetic colloids confined to an air-water interface of a pendant drop are crystallized under the action of a magnetic field, which is applied perpendicular to the 2D layer. Using video microscopy and digital image processing we measure fluctu...

We study classical bremsstrahlung from neutral atoms and investigate the origins of the structures in the energy dependence of the differential cross section ωdσ/dω and the asymmetry parameter a2, using soft-photon limit results in terms of elastic scattering. We show that trapping features in elastic scattering do not contribute to the structures. Rather, these structures result from the suppr...