Political money ( Money Politics  are a forms of abuse, p olitik money can be done by granting the form or goods such as food to people in order for them vote for the party concerned a tau may also mean vote-buying in political process and power act handing out either privately by a party influence voter's vote (voters  . Among activities that are considered money politics include: D the distri...

Population protocols are networks of finite-state agents, interacting randomly, and updating their states using simple rules. Despite their extreme simplicity, these systems have been shown to cooperatively perform complex computational tasks, such as simulating register machines to compute standard arithmetic functions. The election of a unique leader agent is a key requirement in such computa...

We study committee election models where voters' approvals over candidates are collected and the election outcome is determined according to a predetermined voting rule, in particular issue-wise majority rule. The properties of these models are investigated with a special attention to representativeness of the election outcomes, where representativeness relates to the way they are consistent wi...

Ensuring service availability is a key fault tolerance issue in service discovery for mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). Availability can be affected by sudden failure of service providers or directory nodes or even by network disconnection due to node mobility. So, to ensure network-wide service availability, services must be replicated cautiously, so that, the storage, update and discovery costs...

Citizenship reflects relationship between individual and social in form rights, obligations and responsible and prefer framework for individuals, groups and institutions' interactions. Nowadays extensive volume of speeches and writings an appropriated discussion of quantity and quality(rights and obligations) propounds this question that citizenship's realization and development in its affectiv...

based on a meta-theoretical analysis of voting, the present paper is an attempt to present a theoretical model encompassing all the possible aspects of voting in an election action system, proposing four sub-systems of voting as follows: economic voting, political voting, cultural voting and moral voting. having distinguished among these sub-systems, the writer describes the constitutive elemen...