As the world moves toward greenhouse gas reduction, there is increasingly active work around Li-ion chemistry-based batteries as an energy source for electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and smart grids. In these applications, the battery management system (BMS) requires an accurate online estimation of the state of charge (SOC) in a battery pack. This estimation is difficul...

The first commercially available plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), the General Motors (GM) Volt, was introduced into the market in mid-December 2010. The Volt uses a series-split powertrain architecture, which provides benefits over the series architecture that typically has been considered for use in electric-range extended vehicles (EREVs). A specialized EREV powertrain, called the Volt...

Electric-drive vehicles can provide power to the electric grid when they are parked (vehicle-to-grid power). We evaluated the economic potential f two utility-owned fleets of battery-electric vehicles to provide power for a specific electricity market, regulation, in four US regional regulation ervices markets. The two battery-electric fleet cases are: (a) 100 Th!nk City vehicle and (b) 252 Toy...

Federal electric vehicle (EV) policies in the United States currently include vehicle purchase subsidies linked to EV battery capacity and subsidies for installing charging stations. We assess the costeffectiveness of increased battery capacity vs. nondomestic charging infrastructure installation for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as alternate methods to reduce gasoline consumption for cars, ...

This note extends the analysis of Lemoine, Kammen, and Farrell's paper "An innovation and policy agenda for commercially competitive plug-in hybrid electric vehicles" (http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1748-9326/3/1/014003/) to cover the case of all-electric vehicles (EVs). We pay particular attention to grid impacts, break-even battery costs, and the three ways in which EVs could dramatically cha...

A combined simulation and testing approach has been developed to evaluate battery packs in real driving conditions as opposed to purely experimental testing. The new approach is costeffective, greatly accelerates battery development cycle, and enables innovative battery design and optimization. Several fundamental models for valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), and Li-...

We assess the economic value of life-cycle air emissions and oil consumption from conventional vehicles, hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs), and battery electric vehicles in the US. We find that plug-in vehicles may reduce or increase externality costs relative to grid-independent HEVs, depending largely on greenhouse gas and SO(2) emissions produced durin...