We describe electronic instruments for creation of effective Cooper pair spectroscopy. The suggested spectroscopy requires study electric field effects on the surface cleaved superconductors. instrument reacquires low noise amplifier with 10$^6$ amplitude amplification which we have formerly used Johnson-Nyquist and Schottky noises. nonspecific is followed by high-Q tunable resonance filter bas...

The Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (TENS) is one of the medical devices that uses electricity to stimulate nerve and produce analgesic effects. A TENS device a small battery-powered or city-powered with ends attached sticky pads called electrodes. TENS, its main purpose helping reduce pain muscle spasms, has wide usage area, especially in arthritis, fibromyalgia, chronic pelvic pain...

Influence of dielectric materials as gate oxide on various short channel device parameters using a 2-D device simulator has been studied in this paper. It is found that the use of high-k dielectrics directly on the silicon wafer would degrade the performance. This degradation is mainly due to the fringing field effect developed from gate to source/drain. This fringing field will further generat...

many studies have been done on hybrid vehicles in the past few years. the full hybrid vehicles need a large number of batteries creating up to 300 (v) to meet the required voltage of electric motor. the size and weight of the batteries cause some problems. this research investigates the mild hybrid vehicle. this vehicle includes a small electric motor and a high power internal combustion engine...

Resistive switching in photocross-linkable polymer memory devices was found to occur in localized areas of the device. In order to elucidate the reason behind the switching, we used focused ion-beam to prepare a cross-section of the device. It was found that after the device was switched to the high conductive state, in certain parts of the device, the electrodes were only about 5 nm apart. Thi...