This paper presents a simulation of the spectroscopic performance of two large CZT coplanar detectors, 1.5 1.5 cm area and 1.0 cm thick, with coplanar anodes. A code, based on the GEANT libraries and classical Monte Carlo sampling, was developed to simulate experimental scenarios. This code adapts the GEANT capabilities for simulating complex detection systems for spectroscopic studies. Detecto...

In the article features of activity Energy Enterprise in context reforming electric power industry are defined, organizational structure is analyzed and its main shortcomings identified; financial indicators enterprise analyzed; which there a tendency to increase decrease determined, possible consequences from maintaining negative trend future provided; external environment characterized, strat...

Increasing electric vehicles usage, as a promising solution for environmental issues, might have unexpected implications, since it entails some changes in different sectors and scales in energy system. In this respect, this research aims at investigating the long-term impacts of electric vehicles deployment on Iran's energy system. Accordingly, Iran's energy system was analyzed by LEAP model in...

The computer simulation program of a practical scale reverse electrodialysis process has been developed based on the program for saline water electrodialysis. The program is applied to compute the performance of an industrial-scale reverse electrodialysis stack (effective membrane area S = 1 m × 1 m = 1 m2, cell pair number N = 300 pairs). The stack operatingconditions are optimized. Seaw...

This study suggests that individuals’ technology adoption decisions in the context of online collaboration tools are based on individual-level assessments of the technology, as well as on group-level attributes of the team with which one needs to work. Thus, a multilevel model of online collaboration technology adoption is proposed and tested, using hierarchical linear modeling techniques appli...

The growing concerns about energy security and global climate change have stimulated the transition to alternative fuel vehicles (AFV), widely considered an important ingredient in sustainable transportation (1). Of the many competing technologies, plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) have received much attention thanks to their high energy efficiency (2), the ability to substitute electricity for p...

In the electrical grid, the distribution system is the most vulnerable to severe weather events. Well-placed and coordinated upgrades, such as the combination of microgrids, system hardening and additional line redundancy, can greatly reduce the number of electrical outages during extreme events. Indeed, it has been suggested that resilience is one of the primary benefits of networked microgrid...

Incident data about disruptions to the electric power grid provide useful information that can be used as inputs into risk management policies in the energy sector for disruptions from a variety of origins, including terrorist attacks. This article uses data from the Disturbance Analysis Working Group (DAWG) database, which is maintained by the North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC)...

Due to increased competition in a world economy, steel companies are currently interested in developing techniques that will allow for the improvement of the steelmaking process, either by increasing output efficiency or by improving the quality of their product, or both. Slag foaming is one practice that has been shown to contribute to both these goals. This paper describes an effort in progre...

Ferroelectric oxides, such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O(3), are useful for electronic and photonic devices because of their ability to retain two stable polarization states, which can form the basis for memory and logic circuitry. Requirements for long-term operation of practical devices such as non-volatile RAM (random access memory) include consistent polarization switching over many (more than 10(12)) cycl...