Lithography, the fundamental fabrication process of semiconductor devices, is playing a critical role nowadays in the fabrication of microand nano-structures especially for the realization of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), microfluidic devices, photonic crystals, photonic integrated circuits, micro-optics, and plasmonic optoelectronic devices. These devices have various practical appl...

Larger width of P-cladding layer in p-i-n waveguide of traveling wave electroabsorption modulator (TWEAM) results in lower resistance and microwave propagation loss which provides an enhanced high speed electro-optical response. In this paper, a fullvectorial finite-difference-based optical mode solver is presented to analyze mushroom-type TWEAM for the first time. In this analysis, the discont...

We report the development and characterization of 2-D photonic crystal (PC) microcavity devices on silicon on insulator. The transmission of light through a 2-D PC microcavity near resonance can be switched on and off by modulating the refractive index of the PC. Because silicon has poor electro-optical properties, it is advantageous to insert electro-optic materials inside the air holes. In th...

We report on the enhanced electro-optic coefficient of GaInAsP three-step quantum wells ~3SQW! for high power electrorefraction modulator applications. Measured electro-optic coefficient of the 3SQW is nearly three times higher than the conventional rectangular quantum well ~RQW! at l51.55 mm. The enhanced electro-optic effect, combined with a low optical absorption coefficient a,1 cm in the 3S...

The electro-optic effect, where the refractive index of a medium is modified by an electric field, is of central importance in non-linear optics, laser technology, quantum optics and optical communications. In general, electro-optic coefficients are very weak and a medium with a giant electro-optic coefficient would have profound implications for non-linear optics, especially at the single phot...

The generation of midinfrared pulses through the optical rectification extended the radiation frequency from a few THz to several tens of THz. The coherent measurement of a detection frequency greater than 5 THz was demonstrated using a GaP and a ZnTe electro-optic sensor. This optoelectronic technique opens the door to the midinfrared ~midIR! region for coherent emission spectroscopy, time-dom...

Since the early 1970s, three major prerequisites have brought the success of the liquid crystal display (LCD) technology to its key role of today. Namely, the discovery of electro-optical field-effects on which the displays are based, the successful search for liquid crystals (LCs) with material properties that meet the complex requirements of electro-optical effects and render the effects appl...