Recent investigations in the Bureau of Soils have shown that the colloidal material present in any soil contains 10 or more elements in widely varying proportions (19). Various attempts to fractionate the material into substances of more definite composition have not met with much success. However, dialysis of the material indicated that one colloid held about 1 per cent of its constituents les...

Microbial reverse electrodialysis cells (MRECs) combine power generation from salinity gradient energy using reverse electrodialysis (RED), with power generation from organic matter using a microbial fuel cell. Waste heat can be used to distill ammonium bicarbonate into high (HC) and low salt concentration (LC) solutions for use in the RED stack, but nitrogen crossover into the anode chamber mu...

• Mining and hydrometallurgical industries as large generators of acidic liquid wastes. Current management options do not contemplate their valorisation. Membrane technologies provide resource recovery options. New membranes with enhanced properties for long-term industrial operation. The mining generate effluents characterised by a high acidity (pH < 3) content metals (e.g. Fe, Al, Cu Zn, amon...

The role of the incorporation of conducting polymer (CP), doped with different sulfonic acid organic molecules, in polystyrene (PS) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) with poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene) (SEBS) triblock copolymer has been investigated. Two factors associated with this model membrane system are addressed: (i) the influence of the presence of a low concentration of doped conducti...

Electrodialysis with monopolar ion exchange membranes was used to reduce the acid content of pineapple juice. It is an electrochemical membrane separation process in which electrically charged membranes and an electrical potential difference are used to separate ionic species in the pineapple juice from other uncharged components. Several physico-chemical (pH, titratable acidity and soluble sol...

Electrodialysis, reverse electrodialysis, and related electrochemical processes are increasingly important technologies for water purification renewable energy generation storage. The electrical efficiency of these is directly to the permselectivity ion exchange membranes (IEMs) – defined as extent which membrane permits passage counter-ions (ions opposite charge membrane, e.g., cations a catio...