Self-sensing refers to extracting the position information from the electromagnetic signals instead of from a physical position sensor. Self-sensing actuator has the benefit of significantly reducing hardware effort. In this paper, we investigate selfsensing actuators applied in direct acing proportional valves. The study is based on the configuration of a dual-solenoid actuator where each sole...

Discharging a high-energy spark underwater creates a shock wave which dissipates through an acoustic field. The hydroxyl radicals created by the field are able to mildly oxidize the surfaces of ink and toner particles suspended in water, thereby decreasing their zeta potential. This decrease inhibits the tendency of the particles to reattach to fiber, which is negatively charged. Pilot studies ...

CONTEXT Direct endoscopic visualization of biliopancreatic duct is certainly one of the greatest advances of therapeutic endoscopy. The use of a single-operator cholangioscopy platform (SpyGlass) is a promising technique in the evaluation of diseases such as indeterminate biliary stricture and giant choledocholitiasis. This is the first Brazilian case series using this technology. METHODS We ...

The sources of shockwave generation include electrohydraulic, electromagnetic and piezoelectric principles. Electrohydraulic shockwaves are high-energy acoustic waves generated under water explosion with high voltage electrode. Shockwave in urology (lithotripsy) is primarily used to disintegrate urolithiasis, whereas shockwave in orthopedics (orthotripsy) is not used to disintegrate tissues, ra...

BACKGROUND Plantar fasciitis is a common foot disorder that may be resistant to nonoperative treatment. This study evaluated the use of electrohydraulic high-energy shock waves in patients who failed to respond to a minimum of six months of antecedent nonoperative treatment. METHODS A randomized, placebo-controlled, multiply blinded, crossover study was conducted. Phase 1 consisted of twenty ...