Differences between avalanche experts and novices have long been cited as a key issue in designing effective avalanche education, yet few investigations have quantitatively explored these differences. In this study, we examine how self-reported training, knowledge, skills, and behavior differ between avalanche experts and novices. From 2002 to 2004, we surveyed 300 avalanche professionals and w...

The best way to reduce avalanche accidents, is good avalanche forecasting, warning and education. Avalanches are influenced by a large variety of different factors, that have to be taken into consideration. Understanding the cross linking between these factors is very important but not easy to explain in books or verbally. A CD-ROM provides an ideal and up-to date medium of presenting and illus...

This paper presents a novel analytical technique of examining the avalanche characteristics of cryptographic substitution boxes (s-boxes) using the Walsh Hadamard spectral analysis of their Boolean maps. Avalanche is a desirable cryptographic property that is necessary to ensure that a cipher is not susceptible to statistical attacks and small difference between two plaintexts results in a sign...

The purpose of the present paper is to propose a new method for avalanche hazard mapping using a combination of statistical and deterministic modelling tools. The methodology is based on frequency-weighted impact pressure, and uses an avalanche dynamics model embedded within a statistical framework. The outlined procedure provides a useful way for avalanche experts to produce hazard maps for th...