The accuracy with which a circadian pacemaker can entrain to an environmental 24-h zeitgeber signal depends on (a) characteristics of the entraining signal and (b) response characteristics and intrinsic stability of the pacemaker itself. Position of the sun, weather conditions, shades, and behavioral variations (eye closure, burrowing) all modulate the light signal reaching the pacemaker. A sim...

Circadian pacemaker neurons contain a molecular clock that oscillates with a period of approximately 24 hr, controlling circadian rhythms of behavior. Pacemaker neurons respond to visual system inputs for clock resetting, but, unlike other neurons, have not been reported to transmit rapid signals to their targets. Here we show that pacemaker neurons are required to mediate a rapid behavior. The...

When we made a detailed examination with TTE, we saw that the transvenous temporary pacing was not in the jugular vein. The suprasternal view showed the lead of the pacemaker in the arcus aorta (Fig. 3A). The localization of the pacemaker lead was seen in the right ventricle by fluoroscopy in the RAO. But, we were sure the localization of lead in the left ventricle when we was seen by fluorosco...

A presystolic "clickn beginning 0.1 second before the first heart sound occurred in a patient with a permanent pervenous cardiac pacemaker. Simultaneous fluoroscopy, phonocardiography and electrocardiography demonstrated that the "click" was generated by contraction of the left hemidiaphragm which was stimulated by the electrical discharge from the tip of the electrode catheter located in a tri...

Abstract Background and Aims Hemodialysis (HD) patients has the high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), procedure HD itself might be related to risk factors for onset AF. On other hand, cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), such as pacemaker, cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) resynchronization therapy (CRT) have function arrhythmia detection. However, in with CIEDs, there are no ...

BACKGROUND Naringenin (NRG) is a common dietary polyphenolic constituent of fruits. NRG has diverse pharmacological activities, and is used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases including gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells of the GI tract. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of NRG on ICCs and on GI motility in vit...

case presentation in this report, we describe a case of a cied infection in a 49-year-old female, admitted in 2013 to a hospital in copenhagen, denmark, with persistent staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia without any clinical signs of generator-pocket infection and several negative tee studies. conclusions the diagnosis of cied infection was established with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emissi...