We sought to gain insights into the mechanism of resistance of glandular-haired alfalfa to the potato leafhopper, by testing the trichomes of proprietary genotypes for chemical versus morphological differences. Two-choice, noncontact tests were conducted using four glandular-haired and one glabrous genotype of alfalfa, representing a spectrum of resistance, to determine whether adult female lea...

Therapies that might delay degeneration of synapses offer an appealing strategy for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, prion diseases, schizophrenia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Analysis of mouse mutants provides one possible avenue towards identifying relevantmechanisms.Here, we used quantitative and serial section electronmicros...

At synapses, a transmitter released from a pre-synaptic terminal binds to specific, ligand-gated receptors in the post-synaptic membrane to open up ion channels through the receptor molecules. The flow of ions through these channels generates electrical signals. Electrophysiological techniques have been used over the past 50 years to understand transmission of these signals at synapses. The mos...

H. Oskar Schmidt Zentralinstitut für Genetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung der AdW der DDR, 4325 Gatersleben Z. Naturforsch. 43c, 149-154 (1988); received March 11/September 7, 1987 Senescence, Chloroplast, Gerontoplast, Thylakoid Membrane Proteins, Electronmicroscopy, Photosynthesis In the course of yellowing (senescence) the leaves of Vicia faba L. lose 95% of their chlorophyll. Gerontoplasts d...

Sippel, Rebecca S., Jennifer E. Carpenter, Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan, Sara Lagerholm, and Herbert Chen. Raf-1 activation suppresses neuroendocrine marker and hormone levels in human gastrointestinal carcinoid cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285: G245–G254, 2003; 10.1152/ajpgi.00420.2002.—Gastrointestinal carcinoid cells secrete multiple neuroendocrine markers and hormones includin...

The caudatoputamen (CP) and globus pallidus (GP) are supplied by vessels often involved with stroke in both rat and human. The pattern of vascular supply to the CP and GP in rat has, in contrast to humans, been only partially described. The vascular pattern to the rat CP and GP is described utilizing vascular endocasts and scanning electronmicroscopy in aging, normotensive rats. Endocasts were ...

Wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacterium widely present in arthropods and animal-parasitic nematodes. Despite previous efforts, it has never been identified in plant-parasitic nematodes. Random sequencing of genes expressed by the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis resulted in several sequences with similarity to Wolbachia genes. The presence of a Wolbachia-like endosymbiont in this plant-par...

Orange peel oil is used extensively as an approved flavour enhancer in fruit drinks, carbonated beverages and as a scenting agent in soaps and cosmetics. Limonene, which is a monocyclic monoterpene is present in orange peel oil from 90 to 95% (w/w). Monoterpenes have been shown to be very effective chemopreventive agents against several rodent tumors and are currently in clinical trials. Howeve...

Blind loops prepared in the small intestines of fasted, MgSO4-treated rats were shown to provide a simple, consistent and inexpensive means of studying mucosal colonisation by Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1. When c. 2000 cfu were injected, the number of mucosa-associated V. cholerae in each loop increased by c. 5-6 orders of magnitude in 10-14 h, without enterotoxin-induced fluid production. Scan...

Decreased beta-amyloid clearance in Alzheimer's disease and increased blood-brain barrier permeability in aged subjects have been reported in several articles. However, morphological and functional characterization of blood-brain barrier and its membrane transporter activity have not been described in physiological aging yet. The aim of our study was to explore the structural changes in the bra...