Kibo, the highest of three peaks of Kilimanjaro, has not benefited from a medium to large scape topographic mapping in about 50 years. The rapidly changing topography associated with the glacier retreat and the fact that the slopes of Kibo attract about 40,000 climbers each year thus justify the need to develop a new topographic survey of this outstanding landmark, designated a UNESCO World Her...

[1] We find that the standard deviation, hence error, of the water surface elevation data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) is 5.51 m for basin-wide, regional and local Amazon mainstem reaches. This error implies a minimum reach length of 733km in order to calculate a reliable water-surface slope. Resulting slopes are 1.92 ± 0.19 cm/km for Manacapuru, 2.86 ± 0.24 cm/km for Itapeu...

PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model) is a climate analysis system that uses point data, a digital elevation model (DEM), and other spatial datasets to generate gridded estimates of annual, monthly and event-based climatic parameters (Daly et al. 1994). Originally developed in 1991 for precipitation estimation, PRISM has been generalized and applied successfully to...

Slope is a major factor affecting forest harvesting machine productivity. As ground-based harvesting methods are generally cheaper than the alternatives, forest managers need to know when ground-based harvesting equipment can be used on sloping sites. The study objective was to determine the effect of slope on the productivity, cycle time and elemental times of a Valmet 450 FXL self-levelling p...

Fairy rings are conspicuous features of the Laramie Basin southeastern Wyoming. Ten fairy ring sites chosen for intensive study were located using a small plane and 415 whole partial georeferenced ground-truthed. forming fungi identified combination taxonomy ITS fungal barcode sequence comparisons. Precipitation, vegetation, soil type, elevation, slope, slope aspect queried GIS. Eight species f...

the present research was performed in patom, namkhaneh, gorazbon, chelir and baharbon districts in kheyrud forest. due to existence of forest typology map and extension of study area, this study was confined to beech dominated forests. a stratified sampling method based on landform is used to locate 1000 m2 circular sample plots. the number of fagus orientalis lipsky trees ? 7.5 cm in dbh withi...

soil and land information is vital for land use planning and infrastructure development. maps of soils landscapes are powerful tools to guide sustainable planning and natural resource management. fuzzy set theory has been widely used in soil science for soil classification and mapping, land evaluation, fuzzy soil geostatistics, soil quality indices. in fuzzy logic-based approaches, soil spatial...

Gaussian decomposition has been used to extract terrain elevation from waveforms of the satellite lidar GLAS (Geoscience Laser Altimeter System), on board ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite). The common assumption is that one of the extracted Gaussian peaks, especially the lowest one, corresponds to the ground. However, Gaussian decomposition is usually complicated due to the broa...