The capacity to associate stimuli underlies many cognitive abilities, including recognition, in humans and other animals. Vertebrates process different categories of information separately and then reassemble the distilled information for unique identification, storage and recall. Invertebrates have fewer neural networks and fewer neural processing options so study of their behavior may reveal ...

Cichlids of the species Nannacara anomala employ several colour displays during fights which do not seem to signal either fighting ability or motivation. How should these colour displays be interpreted when winning is reliably predicted by weight asymmetries? Medial Line colour displays were associated with, and predicted, tail-beating, while Vertical Bar colour displays were associated with mo...

The design of an interface between two systems depends upon the way in which the systems are understood and characterized by the designer. Digital computation and the concomitant understanding of cognition as a computational process allowed the interface to be developed as a surface of contact between two symbol-processing systems. This paper suggests that as embodied, situated and to an increa...

Skip connections made the training of very deep networks possible and have become an indispensable component in a variety of neural architectures. A completely satisfactory explanation for their success remains elusive. Here, we present a novel explanation for the benefits of skip connections in training very deep networks. The difficulty of training deep networks is partly due to the singulari...

Trachoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Although it disappeared long ago from Western Europe and the United States, trachoma is still as endemic as ever in parts of Africa, the Middle East, Australia, and South East Asia. Ocular strains of Chlamydia trachomatis cause repeated episodes of conjunctivitis in children. In teenagers and adults, the disease progresses throug...

Skip connections made the training of very deep networks possible and have become an indispensable component in a variety of neural architectures. A completely satisfactory explanation for their success remains elusive. Here, we present a novel explanation for the benefits of skip connections in training very deep networks. The difficulty of training deep networks is partly due to the singulari...

In this study, we examined (a) the effects of goal orientations and perceived value of toughness on antisocial behavior toward opponents and teammates in soccer and (b) whether any effects were mediated by moral disengagement. Male soccer players (N = 307) completed questionnaires assessing the aforementioned variables. Structural equation modeling indicated that ego orientation had positive an...