Two distinct sensory cues in electrosensory signals, amplitude modulation and differential phase modulation, are essential for an African wave-type electric fish, Gymnarchus, to perform the jamming avoidance responses. Individual neurons in the first brain station for central processing, the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL), were investigated by the in vivo whole-cell recording and labeli...

Human bipedal locomotion is characterized by a habitual heel-strike (HS) plantigrade gait, yet the significance of walking foot-posture is not well understood. To date, researchers have not fully investigated the costs of non-heel-strike (NHS) walking. Therefore, we examined walking speed, walk-to-run transition speed, estimated locomotor costs (lower limb muscle volume activated during walking...

The electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) of the electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus is a layered medullary region receiving electroreceptor input that terminates on basal dendrites of interneurons and projection (pyramidal) cells. The molecular layer of the ELL contains two distinct glutamatergic feedback pathways that terminate on the proximal (ventral molecular layer, VML) and distal (d...

Abstract A search for heavy resonances decaying into a pair of Z bosons leading to $$\ell ^+\ell ^-\ell '^+\ell '^-$$ ℓ + - ′ and ^-\nu {{\bar{\nu }}}$$ ν ¯ </mml:move...

We analyze the collective light scattering by cold atoms in free space of a pump-laser beam possessing orbital angular momentum. derive set coupled multiparticle equations for atomic motion which vacuum-mode field is adiabatically eliminated. The resulting describe recoil as due to either transfer linear momentum or For transverse annular distribution initial equilibrium with uniform phases and...

Motivated by the significant experimental progress in probing semileptonic decays $D\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{P}_{1}{P}_{2}{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}$ $(\ensuremath{\ell}=\ensuremath{\mu},e)$, we analyze branching ratios of with nonresonant, light scalar meson resonant, and vector resonant contributions this work. We obtain hadronic amplitude relations between ...

This paper describes the morphological, immunohistochemical, and synaptic properties of projection neurons in the highly laminated medial and dorsolateral zones of the mormyrid electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL). These structures are involved in active electrolocation, i.e., the detection and localization of objects in the nearby environment of the fish on the basis of changes in the reaffe...