The sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula have a key role in benthic dynamics they are often used to assess the toxicity of environmental contaminants. aim this research was investigate influence salinity on copper P. A. embryos, evaluating impact future ocean variations estimating an optimum range for embryos. For purpose, urchin embryos were exposed different concentrations und...

objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of laser assisted hatching on the development and quality of vitrified-warmed 4-cell stage mouse embryos. materials and methods: the vitrified-warmed 4-cell mouse embryos were divided into two groups: control group (without laser assisted hatching) and experiment group (with laser assisted hatching). all embryos in both groups were ...

introduction: this investigation was undertaken to examine the effect of 4centigrade degree temperature on development and implantation rate of mouse embryos. materials and methods: femal mice (4-6 week old) were induced to superovulate and were mated. two cell embryos were flushed from excited oviducts, 46 – 48 h after the infection of hcg, and were cultured to eight – cell stage in m16 medium...

the cytokine of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) is a glycoprotein, which is synthesized in the female reproductive tract and has embryonic trophic effect in mammals. the objective of this study was to examine the optimal dosage of gm-csf to improve the mouse embryo development in vitro. to collect two and eight cells embryos, the pregnant nmri mice were sacrificed by c...

This study aimed to assess the effects of embryonic developmental stage, quality grade, and fresh or frozen/thawed conditions on pregnancy rate sex ratio live offspring in Hanwoo (<italic>Bos taurus coreanae</italic>) cows. The stage <italic>in vivo</italic>-derived (IVD) transferred embryos were evaluated using standard criteria International Embryo Technology Society. ...

Sea Urchin is one of the most useful tools in developmental biology studies because this organism has the simplest kind of developmental stages. We aimed to determine developmental stages and timetable of Echinometra mathaei embryo (the species of Persian Gulf). The spawning of E. mathaei was induced by 0.5M KCl injection (1ml) into the coelomic cavity. After fertilization, embryos were placed ...

ABSTRACT Zygotic genomic activation (ZGA) is a landmark event in the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), and regulation of ZGA by maternal factors remains to be elucidated. In this study, depletion ring finger protein 114 (RNF114), ubiquitin E3 ligase, led developmental arrest two-cell mouse embryos. Using immunofluorescence transcriptome analysis, RNF114 was proven play crucial role major ZG...