marriage among siblings has remained a controversial subject in the study of ancient iranian customs and rites, especially in regard to zoroastrianism. there have been endless debates on the existence of such a custom in ancient iran. what have largely remained unnoticed in such a study are the religious beliefs of the ancient iranians in the primitive forms of totemism. totemism is an ancient ...

This research was designed to investigate the effects of discourse markers on EFL Iranianlearners' listening comprehension. Fifty eight male and female students took a pre-test as aproficiency test first, 39 students out of 58 are needed. To gain this aim, a language proficiencytest, i.e., Nelson test will be given to the total participants. After calculating Mean and StandardDeviation, each pe...

Technological and critical thinking skills are two essential aspects of learning. The rapid development technology the demands competition in era globalization force educators to be truly effective maximizing existing current learning technologies. Implementing online is believed inadequate without ability think critically. Critical an that essentially needed for students present context. This ...

In March 2020, Alameda County, where the University of California (UC)-Berkeley is located, issued a shelter in place order as response to COVID-19 pandemic. The UC-Berkeley Library was one first libraries United States deal effectively with new normal that mandated by local, state, and federal public health officials, shifting virtual provision its services such instruction, research consultat...

Abstract Theoretical virtues play an important role in the acceptance and belief of theories science philosophy. Philosophers have well-developed views on which ought not to influence one’s belief. But what do scientists think? This paper presents results a quantitative study with from natural social sciences compares their those held by philosophers. Some more surprising are: (i) all three gro...

This research was designed to investigate the effects of critical thinking and concept mappingtest strategies on EFL Iranian learners' reading comprehension in five sessions during near twomonths. Fifty eight male and female students took a pre-test as a language proficiency test first,then they were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group, twentystudents for critical t...

Research question In 2019, women’s sport was reported as being on the rise. Increased participation rates, media coverage, investment and support were evident. Following spread of COVID-19 across globe, which halted most forms competitive sport, there repeated concerns about future sport. This research aims to document elite sportswomen’s perceptions state pre-COVID-19 possible impact moving fo...

Neurobrucellosis (N.B) is a rare and severe form of systemic Brucella infection. We introduced an unusual case that “Psychologic Symptoms” was the most prominent complaints of his family. He was a 50-year-old man who has worked in butchery. His problems had begun 2 months prior to his admission with mood disorders, arthralgia, weakness, headache, and night sweats; he has recurrent crying with n...

When medical professionals think of the health consequences of obesity, we usually think of increased prevalence of coronary artery disease, stroke, some cancers, diabetes, and hypertension. If we think a bit more, osteoarthritis, gallstones, asthma, and sleep disorders come to mind.1 How many of us are aware of the connection between obesity and the increased risk of various mental illnesses a...

The second feature of any talk I give is the purpose of my bothering to perform at all. When I ask my colleagues the purpose of a lecture, they often give some dreadfully dull responses. My view is as follows: a lecture is an opportunity to take a group of people on a journey of my choice; on the journey, I tell a story; if at the end of the journey people are still listening to my story, I kno...