Abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) is a syndrome that combines conditions of different origin (microbial/non-microbial) and anatomical localization (limited to vagina exocervix/spreading from the endocervix pelvic organs) cause discomfort changes in characteristics discharge.Review objective: systematize modern approaches diagnosis most common causes AVD – bacterial vaginosis (BV), trichomoniasis...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of paracervical block, intrauterine lidocaine and oral etodolac in decreasing the pain caused by pipelle endometrial sampling. A secondary goal of this study was to determine the adverse effects and compare possible effects of these methods on pulse and blood pressure. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed between April 2006 and October 2006 in th...

The overall agreement between different criteria for cervicitis in women infected with Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Mycoplasma genitalium, and in women who tested negative was examined. Women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases were enrolled because of sexual partners' suspected chlamydia infection. M. genitalium was tested in a sample of first-catch urine and an endocervical s...

130 Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) poses risk of cervical and anal cancer in women and anal cancer in men who have sex with men (MSM). There are high rates of cervical and anal HPV infection in HIV-infected women and high rates of anal HPV infection in HIV-infected MSM. Infection in the cervix primarily occurs in the transformation zone where the squamous epithelium of the exocervix ...

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) are three efflux transporters that play key roles in the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs used in the pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV sexual transmission. In this study, we investigated the expression, regulation, and function of these transporters in cervicovaginal tissues of a mou...

The surface layer of the cervix is made up of squamous and columnar epithelial cells. The area where these two cells meet around the opening of the cervix that leads on to the endocervical canal is called the transformation zone or squamo-columnar junction. It is in this area of the cervix where cervical cells are most likely to become cancerous. Approximately 75% of cervical cancers are squamo...

Disruption of the epithelium in the female reproductive tract (FRT) is hypothesized to increase HIV infection risk by interfering with barrier protection and facilitating HIV-target cell recruitment. Here we determined whether Tenofovir (TFV), used vaginally in HIV prevention trials, and Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), an improved prodrug of TFV, interfere with wound healing in the human FRT. TFV ...

The majority of new HIV infections occur in women as a result of heterosexual intercourse, overcoming multiple innate barriers to infection within the mucosa. However, the avenues through which infection is established, and the nature of bottlenecks to transmission, have been the source of considerable investigation and contention. Using a high dose of a single round non-replicating SIV-based v...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women with Bartholin's gland abscess. SETTING Gynaecology Clinic of King Edward VIII Hospital, a large urban, referral hospital for the province of Kwa-Zulu Natal, serving an underprivileged population. METHODS Thirty consecutive women...

Papillary immature metaplasia (PIM) is a distinctive exophytic lesion of the uterine cervix and shares some histologic and cytologic features with ordinary squamous metaplasia (SM), atypical immature squamous metaplasia (AIM), high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL) and papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSC). PIM has been suggested to be a subset of condyloma associated with low-r...