Endocrine and paracrine controls regulate the endometrium during the luteal phase of the cycle to permit implantation. Part of this differentiation process is the production of a specific secretion which fills the intrauterine cavity and glandular lumen. Its molecular composition originates from the gland secretion, from transudations from stroma, from the endometrial blood vessels, and last, b...

BACKGROUND Endometrium acquires structural and functional competence for embryo implantation only during the receptive phase of menstrual cycle in fertile women. Sizeable data are available to indicate that this ability is acquired by modulation in the expression of several genes/gene products. However, there exists little consensus on the identity, number of expressed/not-detected genes and th...

Background: Several studies indicate clear relationship between infertility and endometriosis. However, the etiology of this association is uncertain. Endometrial dysfunction is a possible cause of infertility in women with endometriosis, which could explain the high rates of implantation failure and miscarriages in these women. Delay in endometrial maturation and intrauterine biochemical abnor...

ObjectiveTo study whether endometrial epithelial podocalyxin (PCX) inhibits implantation of human embryos in vitro and patients undergoing fertilization (IVF).DesignWe have recently identified PCX as a key negative regulator receptivity. Podocalyxin is expressed all cells the nonreceptive endometrium, but selectively downregulated luminal epithelium (LE) for In current study, we first investiga...

Implantation is a process requiring the delicate interaction between the embryo and a receptive endometrium. This intricate interaction requires a harmonized dialogue between embryonic and maternal tissues. [Aghajanova et al., 2008; Simon et al., 2000] The three stages of implantation are: apposition, adhesion, and invasion. Apposition describes trophoblast cells adhering to the receptive endom...

Embryo implantation requires both an activated blastocyst and a receptive endometrium. The human endometrium undergoes extensive remodeling in each menstrual cycle to prepare the endometrium for implantation, should conception occur in that cycle. For most of the cycle, the endometrium is retained in a non-receptive or refractory state and it will support implantation of the blastocyst for only...

Infertility is an increasing medical and social problem affecting more than 10% of couples worldwide. Many underlying causes of human infertility have been overcome by assisted reproductive techniques; nevertheless, the implantation process remains one of the rate-limiting step as regards the success of the treatment. A prerequisite for successful implantation is the adequate preparation of a r...