Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) refers to the delivery of a single radiation dose to a limited volume of tissue during a surgical procedure. A literature review was performed to analyze the role of IORT in gynaecological and genito-urinary cancer including endometrial, cervical, renal, bladder and prostate cancers.Literature search was performed by Pubmed and Scopus, using the words "intrao...

Findings: In the literature, the mechanisms of action of LNG-IUS as a contraceptive include impairment of sperm transport through the cervix due to thick cervical mucus and through the uterus due to inflammatory changes in the endometrium affecting sperm transport and function, and possibly fertilisation and implantation are impaired. The evidence from the literature shows that following long-t...

The role of imaging in female infertility has undergone a revolution over the past few decades .Sonography plays an integral role in the evaluation of gynecologic disease. It can determine the organ or site of abnormality and provide a diagnosis or short differential in the vast majority of patients. Both the transabdominal and transvaginal approaches are now well –established techniques for as...

Progestin resistance is a major obstacle to treating early stage, well-differentiated endometrial cancer as well as recurrent endometrial cancer. The mechanism behind the suboptimal response to progestin is not well understood. The PTEN tumor suppressor gene is frequently mutated in type I endometrial cancers and this mutation results in hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. We hypothesized ...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Endometrial hyperplasia is considered a precursor of endometrial carcinoma, but concurrent endometrial carcinoma in patients with endometrial hyperplasia is seen frequently. Our aim was to examine the risk factors for coexisting endometrial carcinoma in patients with endometrial hyperplasia. METHODS Between January 1996 and September 2006, 77 patients who underwent hysterec...

Background Endometrial receptivity is one of parameters which determine the reproductive outcome in in vitro fertilization programs. A good blood supply towards the endometrium is usually considered to be an essential requirement for implantation. Blood vessels of the endometrium can be detected by transvaginal color and pulse Doppler sonography. Color Doppler assessment permits better visualiz...

endometrial cancer generally carries a good prognosis. endometrial carcinoma more frequently metastasizes to the pelvic and para-aortic nodes. visceral metastases usually occur in the vagina and ovaries. distant metastases involve lungs and occur as a terminal event. this case report describes vulvalar metastasis of endometrial cancer to the clitoris. metastatic tumors of the vulva are rare. mo...

Background: Endometrial hyperplasia is important clinically, because it can lead to abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) which itself can precede to endometrial cancer. Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract, occurring about 75-85% in younger, perimenopousal women as hyperplasic endometrial. The treatment is hysterectomy or hormone therapy with progesterone. ...