background: proposing a strategy for sellar reconstruction in endoscopic transsphenoidal transsellar approach for pituitary adenoma. methods: 240 patients with pituitary adenoma underwent pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. intra-operative csf leaks were classified as grade 0, no observable leak grade 1, csf dripping through an arachnoid membrane defect of less than 1 mm and grad...

one of the routine methods for diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. it is an effective method but is associated with some complications (9.8%) which the most common is pancreatitis (5.4%). one of the rare complications is basket impaction in the common bile duct which is treated with different methods. a 58 years male history of laparoscop...

annular pancreas is a rare congenital condition of the pancreas where the pancreatic tissue either partially or completely covers the duodenum by forming a ring. endoscopic ultrasound is rarely considered as the first diagnosis tool for annular pancreas. we here present a 48 years old man who was primarily provisionally diagnosed with pancreatic mass and was planned for pancreatoduodenectomy. b...

introduction: endoscopic sinus surgery is a common procedure performed by otolaryngologists. this study evaluated the efficacy of intravenous (iv) tranexamic acid (ta) on hemorrhage  in patients undergoing elective endoscopic sinus surgery (ess).   materials and methods: the present study was performed in 170 patients scheduled for ess surgery under general anesthesia in order to examine the ef...

background medical sphincterotomy has gained popularity as a treatment for anal fissure. calcium channel blockers in topical forms could also be appropriate with low adverse effects. objectives this was a prospective randomized controlled trial to compare topical and oral nifedipine in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. patients and methods a prospective randomized controlled trial was cond...

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) is widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic tract disease. perforation is a rare complication of it, but it is associated with high rate of mortality, an overall mortality rate of 1.0-1.5%. here, a case of massive subcutaneous emphysema following ercp was reported without an obvious retroperitoneal or peritoneal ...

Evidence is given of the location in the spinal cord of man of the central sympathetic fibres supplying vasomotor and sudomotor neurons of the body caudal to the head and neck. The evidence is based on anterolateral cordotomies. The fibres lie within the medial part of the equatorial plane, extending from the base of the posterior horn and the lateral horn across the medial half of the white ma...

BACKGROUND Persistent severe pain is a rare complication of benign asbestos-related pleural disease. METHODS Four patients are described in whom pain persisted for more than one year (range 18 months to five years) which was incompletely relieved by opioid medication and nerve blocking procedures. All underwent pleurectomy in an attempt to relieve it. RESULTS At operation the pleura was con...

Background and Aim: Intracranial Arachnoid Cysts (IAC) are suitable choices for endoscopic procedure to avoid craniotomy or shunt placement. Our main objective is to study the outcome of endoscopic procedure in IAC treatment.  Methods and Materials/Patients: In this descriptive and retrospective study, we report our experience of 27 symptomatic patients with IAC who underwent endoscopic surger...