The second law of thermodynamics applies with local exceptions to patient history and therapy interventions. Living things preserve their low level of entropy throughout time because they receive energy from their surroundings in the form of food. They gain their order at the expense of disordering the nutrients they consume. Death is the thermodynamically favored state: it represents a large i...

I show how the holographic entropy bound can be derived from elementary flat-spacetime quantum field theory when the total energy of Fock states is constrained gravitationally. This energy constraint makes the Fock space dimension (whose logarithm is the maximum entropy) finite for both bosons and fermions. Despite the elementary nature of my analysis, it results in an upper limit on entropy in...

The energy dissipated during the atomic force microscopy-based mechanical unfolding and extension of proteins is typically an order of magnitude greater than their folding free energy. The vast majority of the "excess" energy dissipated is thought to arise due to backbone conformational entropy losses as the solvated, random-coil unfolded state is stretched into an extended, low-entropy conform...

A brief review of the Hadron Gas model with reference to high energy heavy ion collisions is presented. The entropy dependence on temperature and baryonic chemical potential is numerically calculated, together with the entropy distribution between baryons and mesons. The theoretical entropy for a QGP with equivalent parameters is also calculated. It is shown that at low temperatures the dominan...

BACKGROUND There are many differences between healthy tissue and growing tumor tissue, including metabolic, structural and thermodynamic differences. Both structural and thermodynamic differences can be used to follow the entropy differences in cancerous and normal tissue. Entropy production is a bilinear form of the rates of irreversible processes and the corresponding "generalized forces". En...

The thermodynamic functions such as enthalpy (H), Gibbs free energy (G) and entropy (S) of Serineand Threonine amino acids were theoretically studied at different condition (solvents andtemperatures) by using Gussian o3, software. First, the structural optimization of isolated Serine andThreonine were done in the gas phase by using the Hartree-Fock (HF) level of theory with 3-21G, 6-31G and 6-3...

When a body approaches equilibrium, energy tends to a minimum and entropy tends to a maximum. Often, or usually, the two tendencies favour different configurations of the body. Thus energy is deterministic in the sense that it favours fixed positions for the atoms, while entropy randomizes the positions. Both may exert considerable forces in the attempt to reach their objectives. Therefore they...

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of feature extraction of underwater acoustic signals in complex ocean environment, a new method for feature extraction from ship-radiated noise is presented based on empirical mode decomposition theory and permutation entropy. It analyzes the separability for permutation entropies of the intrinsic mode functions of three types of ship-radiated noise signa...

 In this research of cis, trans and vinyl monomeric derivatives of 1,4-butadiene were studied using C20 in different temperatures by Functional density theory (DFT). To this purpose, the materials were firstly optimized geometrically, then the calculations of the thermodynamic parameters were performed on all of them. In the following, changes in parameters of energy...