Previous studies showed that children learning a language with an obligatory singular/plural distinction (Russian and English) learn the meaning of the number word for one earlier than children learning Japanese, a language without obligatory number morphology (Barner, Libenson, Cheung, & Takasaki, 2009; Sarnecka, Kamenskaya, Yamana, Ogura, & Yudovina, 2007). This can be explained by difference...

This paper focuses on linguistic minority (LM) students who come from households where a language other than English is spoken. In particular, it examines the amount and type of resources English learners (ELs)—those LM students who are not yet proficient in English— need in order to have the opportunity to meet the same achievement standards as other students. This report addresses the followi...

This paper elaborates on Persian and English orthographic shared aspects to study the effects of L1 Persian on learning English as a foreign language. While there are some examples of letter and sound mismatches in the orthographic system of both languages, those of English are more complex than Persian. In order to see the effect of the mismatch between orthography and transcription, 40 Persia...

The present study investigates the prosodic differences of English mild imperative sentences between native American English speakers and Chinese EFL (learning English as foreign language) learners within the framework of AM Theory. The study found out that prosodic native speakers and Chinese EFL learners exhibit the following prosodic differences: (i) phonological patterns of sentence-stress ...

metadiscourse markers help writers make coherent and reader- friendly texts, thus of considerable importance in academic writing. the main aim of this study was to investigate how interactive and interactional metadiscourse markers are used by iranian efl learners. an inquiry was carried out to investigate cross-cultural similarities and differences in the use of metadiscourse markers in the di...

This study examines the amount of tongue movement in the productions of native Spanish speakers and native English learners of Spanish for the Spanish diphthong/monophthong contrast /ei//e/. We hypothesized that English learners would use their native English category /e/ for both Spanish vowels. However, results show that against our prediction, for both Spanish vowels, learners produced less ...

Although is a frequently used subordinating conjunction in English. However, non-nativeness is often observed in Chinese EFL learners’ although output during pedagogical practice. This paper aims at exploring the characteristics of Chinese EFL learners’ although employment in Chinese EFL learners’ writing. The study is a corpus-based analysis launched under the analytical framework of contrasti...

abstract literature review indicates that an effective and good teacher has an important role in students' performances and their success. pivotal roles of teachers may affect students’ attitudes and motivations to language learning. improving the field of foreign language teaching and learning without improving the qualities of efl teachers seems impossible. this attempt, at first hand, r...

The cognitive predictors (i.e.,Phonological Awareness, and Rapid Automatized Naming) underlying reading achievement have not been researched in Iranian partial English immersion and non-immersion programs. The present study sought to investigate the relationship between English and Persian Phonological Awareness (PA), Rapid Autamatized Naming (RAN) and reading achievementof Iranian students in ...