Antibiotics are used by veterinarians and producers to treat disease and improve animal production. The federal government, to ensure the safety of the food supply, establishes antibiotic residue tolerances in edible animal tissues and determines the target tissues (e.g., muscle) for residue monitoring. However, when muscle is selected as the target tissue, the federal government does not speci...

Very small amounts of pharmaceuticals present in everyday food may generate strains of resistant microorganisms in human and animal organisms. This study involves the uptake and accumulation of some widely used fluoroquinolones – enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin – by plants cultivated in soil augmented with drugs using the microbiological agar diffusion method. Bacillus subtilis was used as the t...

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the best-known ATP-dependent efflux transporters, contributing to differences in pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions. Until now, studies on pig P-gp have been scarce. In our studies, the full-length porcine P-gp cDNA was cloned and expressed in a Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line. P-gp expression was then determined in tissues and its role in the...

The inhibitory effects of fluoroquinolones on the enzyme activity, protein levels and mRNA expression of liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A and 3A were investigated in male broiler chicks. Enrofloxacin (20 mg/kg), sarafloxacin (8 mg/kg) and marbofloxacin (5.5 mg/kg) were administrated in drinking water for 7 consecutive days. A cocktail of the probe drugs caffeine and dapsone was used to determine ...

Antibiograms and relevant genotypes of Korean avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates (n = 101) recovered between 1985 and 2005 were assessed via disc diffusion test, PCR, restriction enzyme analysis, and sequencing. These isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (84.2%), streptomycin (84.2%), enrofloxacin (71.3%), and ampicillin (67.3%), and most of the tetracycline, streptomyc...

The studies were carried out in a breeding turkey flock in which mycoplasma infections were detected (serologically and by isolation from semen). Trials using tylosin and enrofloxacin were carried out to limit the infection. The antibiotics were given to the birds for 5 days in therapeutic doses and to semen at concentration of 1 mg/ ml of semen. The effectiveness of such treatments was confirm...

The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in live chickens sold at wet markets in Selangor, Malaysia and the multidrug resistance (MDR) profiles of the isolates. Cloacal swabs were taken from the chickens before slaughter and their caecal mucosae were swabbed after slaughter. Of the 90 chickens examined, 68 (75.6%) were positive for Campylobacter. Campy...

The depletion times of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin as well as sulfaquinoxaline and oxytetracycline were evaluated in broiler chickens that had been subjected to pharmacological treatment. The presence and residue levels of these drugs in muscle tissue were evaluated using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method that was validated...

Immunomodulatory effects of Flumequine and enrofloxacin were evaluated on humoral immune response of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccinated broiler birds. It was observed that birds receiving flumequine as growth promoter had higher mean body weights, better feed conversion ratio, higher NDV haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody, lesser overall mortality, 100% protection against challeng...