This paper aims to analyze environmental Total Factor Productivity (TFP) change. Indeed, innovative TFP measures are introduced through convex and non production processes. Hence, the impacts of input output quality change on productivity variation underscored. In addition, general decomposition new ratio- difference-based is proposed. Finally, an empirical example provided illustrate these pro...

Environmental pollution is a big worry in the world's developing countries, particularly Nigeria. Pollution has dreadful detrimental vibration or effect on all living things and environment. of environment by human activities via air, land, water destructive to life creatures within civilization, which not an acceptable development. Several reasons contribute air pollution, including emissions ...

despite several authors having studied the strategic approach to environmental orientation and,considering that environmental proactivity is emerging in business strategy, it still remains unclear which realactions influence a firm’s environmental orientation. an empirical analysis of a sample of 126 spanish companies shows that firms’ actions are explained as training, information and divulgat...