Even with environmental externalities, money metric measures of individual welfare can often be constructed by methods similar to those of Vartia (1983), provided that individual’s willingness to pay functions are known. Satisfactory money metric measures of social welfare are harder, however. Following Feldstein (1974) and Rosen (1976), a “uniform” money metric measure is proposed, based on th...

Despite overwhelming scientific evidence for man-made climate change, many people and more importantly policymakers still remain skeptical about the subject. While this phenomenon of ”climate-skepticism” prevents implementation of environmental policies around the globe, it is ignored in economic models of climate change. In this paper we fill this gap by creating a model that allows for climat...

We compute ruin probabilities, in both infinite-time and finite-time, for a Gambler’s Ruin problem with both catastrophes and windfalls in addition to the customary win/loss probabilities. For constant transition probabilities, the infinite-time ruin probabilities are derived using difference equations. Finite-time ruin probabilities of a system having constant win/loss probabilities and variab...

Widely conserved among eukaryotes, the microtubule-associated protein 215 (MAP215) family enhances microtubule dynamic instability. The family member studied most extensively, Xenopus laevis XMAP215, has been reported to enhance both assembly and disassembly parameters, although the mechanism whereby one protein can exert these apparently contradictory effects has not been clarified. Here, we a...

Much past mathematical modeling of psychological processes has assumed (a) smooth and continuous change in behavior or cognitions or, if not, @) simple step bctions or thresholds. Many psychological phenomena which are not smooth and continuous, or do not meet the assumptions of simple step functions, seem to demonstrate the properties of the cusp or butterfly catastrophes. Catastrophe models h...

Climate change is real and it will not go away unless we do something for improving our climate. There hope that global efforts could help avoid an environmental catastrophe, based on current scientific developments in energy systems, storage, renewable sources, understanding of the Earths feedback mechanism. However, action plan must be comprehensive, collaborative approaches, cutting-edge sci...

First posted March 22, 2023 For additional information, contact: Director, Nebraska Water Science Center U.S. Geological Survey5231 South 19th Street Lincoln, NE 68512Contact Pubs Warehouse A study in cooperation with the Papio-Missouri River Natural Resources District was completed 2019 to determine concentration of contaminants emerging concern (CEC) groundwater District, eastern Nebraska. Ea...

Olfactory sensory axons target well-defined intermediate targets in the zebrafish olfactory bulb called protoglomeruli well before they form odorant receptor-specific glomeruli. A subset of olfactory sensory neurons are labeled by expression of the or111-7:IRES: GAL4 transgene whose axons terminate in the central zone (CZ) protoglomerulus. Previous work has shown that some of these axons mispro...

The tooth structure preservation is the best way to postpone more invasive therapies. Especially in young patients more conservative techniques should be applied. Bonded porcelain veneers and even more the direct composite restorations, are the two therapeutic procedures that require the fewer sacrifice of dental tissue, finalized to the optimal recovery of aesthetic and functional outcome. Alt...