Observed growth, as given, for instance, by the length of successive annual shoots along the main axis of a plant, is mainly the result of two components: an ontogenetic component and an environmental component. We made the assumption of a decomposition model where the ontogenetic growth component and the environmental component (mainly of climatic origin) were combined in an additive manner. T...

Diverse and interacting spawning groups of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) have varying degrees of independence to environmental conditions. How these population components respond independently to the same set of environmental conditions, and are connected through straying or entrainment, will contribute to the aggregate metapopulation dynamics. The consequences of connectivity for producti...

BACKGROUND The health-risk assessment paradigm is shifting from single stressor evaluation towards cumulative assessments of multiple stressors. Recent efforts to develop broad-scale public health hazard datasets provide an opportunity to develop and evaluate multiple exposure hazards in combination. METHODS We performed a multivariate study of the spatial relationship between 12 indicators o...

killifish (aphanius sophiae) of the cheshme-ali of damghan and shour river of eshteherd were studied and compared from morphological point of view. for morphometric studies, 34 truss morphometric measurements and  10 traditional  measurements  were made for each individual. nine meristic traits were counted. multi-variate analysis of variance (manova) revealed a significant different between va...

Ecological destruction in human-dominated landscapes has significant impacts on environment sustainability internationally. Landscape planning can play a role in mitigating the effects of human-related activities. One element of landscape planning involves the analysis of the biological, spatial and social arrangement of areas in an urban environment and identifying characteristics that are und...

Let $pounds$ be the category of locally compact abelian groups and $A,Cin pounds$. In this paper, we define component extensions of $A$ by $C$ and show that the set of all component extensions of $A$ by $C$ forms a subgroup of $Ext(C,A)$ whenever $A$ is a connected group. We establish conditions under which the component extensions split and determine LCA groups which are component projective. ...

Two-component systems that link environmental signals to cellular responses are viewed as the primary mode of signal transduction in prokaryotes. By analyzing information encoded by 145 prokaryotic genomes, we found that the majority of signal transduction systems consist of a single protein that contains input and output domains but lacks phosphotransfer domains typical of two-component system...