Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), an important mediator of the inflammatory response, acts centrally to elicit sympathetic excitation. PGE(2) acts on at least four E-class prostanoid (EP) receptors known as EP(1), EP(2), EP(3), and EP(4). Since PGE(2) production within the brain is ubiquitous, the different functions of PGE(2) depend on the expression of these prostanoid receptors in specific brain ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Involvement of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) receptors EP(1), EP(2), and EP(4) in the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and/or intestinal polyps has been suggested. In contrast, EP(3) appears to have no influence on the early stages of colon carcinogenesis. In the present study, we examined expression of PGE(2) receptor subtypes EP(1), EP(2), EP(3), and EP(4) in normal co...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Celiac sprue is a multifactorial disease characterized by an inflammatory response to ingested gluten in the small intestine. Proteolytically resistant, proline- and glutamine-rich gluten peptides from wheat, rye, and barley persist in the intestinal lumen and elicit an immune response in genetically susceptible persons. We investigated a new combination enzyme product, cons...

Many microbes and their products are capable of producing fever when injected intravenously in various laboratory animals. Recent studies, involving passive transfer of serum from febrile donor animals to normal recipients, have shown that most, if not all, these agents cause fever indirectly via liberation of a circulating pyrogen of endogenous origin.' To date, the source of endogenous pyroge...

One of the most severe manifestations of poor quality of software products occurs when a customer “escalates” a defect: an escalation is triggered when a defect significantly impacts a customer's operations. Escalated defects are then quickly resolved, at a high cost, outside of the general product release engineering cycle. While the software vendor and its customers often detect and report de...

Sustainable animal production requires a healthy production system including healthy animals producing wholesome products. Epidemiology as a discipline is concerned with the occurrence of disease or disease indicators in populations as well as with factors influencing disease occurrence. By providing this information, epidemiology contributes significantly to the development and maintenance of ...

Background & Aim: This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of different levels of Echinacea purpurea (EP) in comparison with an antibiotic (flavofosfolipol) on total antioxidant activity (AOA) in serum of broiler chicks. Experimental: In this trial 240 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were weighed and randomly assigned to the 5 treatment groups, each with 4 re...

Background & Aim: This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of different levels of Echinacea purpurea (EP) in comparison with an antibiotic (flavofosfolipol) on total antioxidant activity (AOA) in serum of broiler chicks. Experimental: In this trial 240 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were weighed and randomly assigned to the 5 treatment groups, each with 4 re...