The lack of circulating epinephrine (EPI) in the pathogenesis of asthma has long been attributed to the lack of adrenergic nerves in human airways. However, in this study we considered that EPI levels are regulated by EPI release in addition to synthesis. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been shown to control EPI release, and we hypothesized that redistribution of nAChR subunits ...

Ethylene production rates and tissue ethylene concentrations were determined for the single-gene, Epinastic (Epi) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) mutant, and its parent, cv VFN8. The Epi phenotype was characterized by severe leaf epinasty, thickened stems and petioles, and a compact growth habit. In 4-day-old seedlings, ethylene production was significantly higher in Epi than in VFN8. Et...

During chemotherapy, drug resistance caused by autophagy remains a major challenge to successful treatment of cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to show that ulinastatin (UTI), a trypsin inhibitor, could reduce the resistance of liver cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agent epirubicin (EPI). We achieved this conclusion by analyzing the effect of EPI alone or UTI plus EPI on SMMC-7721 ...

This report shows that the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Epinecidin-1 (Epi-1) efficiently heals MRSA-infected heat burn injuries and provides protection from infection in a pig model. The presence of an optimal level of Epi-1 induces cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle progression through an increase in S-phase cells. Epi-1 also induces proliferation to cover the wounded region in an in vi...

Energy per Instruction (EPI) is a measure of the amount of energy expended by a microprocessor for each instruction that the microprocessor executes. In this paper, we present an overview of EPI, explain the factors that affect a microprocessor’s EPI, and derive a historical comparison of the trends in EPI over multiple generations of Intel microprocessors. We show that the recent Intel® Pentiu...

PURPOSE To compare the penetration of riboflavin using a microscope-integrated real time spectral domain optical coherence tomography (ZEISS OPMI LUMERA 700 and ZEISS RESCAN 700) in keratoconus patients undergoing accelerated collagen crosslinking (ACXL) between epithelium on (epi-on) and epithelium off (epi-off). METHODS Intraoperative images were obtained during each of the procedures. Seve...

Epicatechin (Epi), a flavanol found in foods such as dark chocolate has previously been shown to enhance memory formation in our model system, operant conditioning of aerial respiration in Lymnaea. In those experiments snails were trained in Epi. Here we ask whether snails exposed to Epi before training, during the consolidation period immediately following training, or 1 h after training would...

Granulins (grns) or epithelins (epis) are peptides with molecular masses of approx. 6 kDa that modulate the growth of cells. The precursor for the grns/epis, which might itself be biologically active, is a secreted glycoprotein containing multiple repeats of the grn/epi motif. Grn/epi mRNA occurs widely in vivo, particularly in tissues rich in epithelial and haematopoietic cells. To understand ...