The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response plays a key role in controlling viral infection, but only a few epitopes within the HTNV glycoprotein (GP) that are recognized by CTLs have been reported. In this study, we identified one murine HTNV GP-derived H2-Kb-restricted CTL epitope in C57BL/6 mice, which could be used to design preclinical studies of vaccines for HTNV infection. First, 15 8-mer ...

Insulin is a major target of the autoimmune response associated with destruction of pancreatic beta cells in type 1 diabetes. A peptide that spans the junction of the insulin B chain and the connecting (C) peptide in proinsulin has been reported to stimulate T cells from humans at risk for type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diabetes-prone NOD mice. Here we show that proinsulin B24-C36 peptide binds...

Proteasomes have been implicated in the production of the majority of peptides that associate with MHC class I molecules. We used two different proteasome inhibitors, the peptide aldehyde N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-norleucinal (LLnL) and the highly specific inhibitor lactacystin, to examine the role of proteasomes in generating peptide epitopes associated with HLA-A*0201. Neither LLnL nor lac...

One of the major limitations of tumor-specific vaccination is the generation of antigen-loss variants that are able to escape the immune response elicited by a monoantigenic peptide epitope. Here, we report the identification of a new HLA-B*3701-restricted epitope shared by four different members of the MAGE family. Peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from a melanoma patient were stimulated i...

Contagious human coronavirus belong to family Coronaviridae and infects respiratory system causing the disease known as COVID-19 (WHO). To eradicate severe acute syndrome 2 pandemic, an effective vaccine should be developed. In current study immunoinformatics procedures were employed introduce a novel multi-epitope subunit vaccine. This can activate equally class I II leukocyte antigen antibody...

The majority of immunogenic CTL epitopes bind to MHC class I molecules with high affinity. However, peptides longer or shorter than the optimal epitope rarely bind with high affinity. Therefore, identification of optimal CTL epitopes from pathogens may ultimately be critical for inducing strong CTL responses and developing epitope-based vaccines. The SIV-infected rhesus macaque is an excellent ...

Mapping of antigenic peptide sequences from proteins of relevant pathogens recognized by T helper (Th) and by cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) is crucial for vaccine development. In fact, mapping of T-cell epitopes provides useful information for the design of peptide-based vaccines and of peptide libraries to monitor specific cellular immunity in protected individuals, patients and vaccinees. Nev...

T cell activation requires formation of a tri-molecular interaction between a major histocompatibility complex (MHC), peptide, and T cell receptor. In a common model system, the ovalbumin epitope 323-339 binds the murine class II MHC, I-A(d), in at least three distinct registers. The DO11.10 T cell recognizes the least stable of these, as determined by peptide-MHC dissociation rates. Using exog...

OBJECTIVES Recently, autoantibodies directed against muscarinic type 3 receptor (M3R) have been reported in patients with primary SS. However, the precise epitope(s) of the M3R that interacts with SS autoantibodies remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the functional epitope of M3R which interacts with SS immunoglobulin G (IgG). METHODS Purified IgGs were obtained from the se...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with HLA-DRB1 genes encoding a five amino acid basic motive, the shared epitope SE). Each genotype defines specific risk of developing RA. RA preceded by emergence anti citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). Citrullin neutral version arginin, acid, formed after post translational modification Peptidyl Arginyl Deiminases (PADs). are also ACPAs. Two mode...