The wetting behavior of oil on water (or brine) has important consequences for the transport properties of oil in watercontaining porous reservoirs, and consequently for oil recovery. The equilibrium wetting behavior of model oils composed of pure alkanes or alkane mixtures on brine is reviewed in this paper. Intermediate between the partial wetting state, in which oil lenses coexist on water w...

The objective of this study was to optimize and characterize an oridonin self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) formulation. A central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate the influence of factors (oil percentage and surfactant to co-surfactant ratio (Sur/Co-s ratio)) on the responses including droplet size, polydispersity, equilibrium solubility and in situ intestine abs...

The cis and trans conformers of benzaldehydes substituted in the o- or m-positions by Cl or CN can be differentiated by IR spectroscopy in Argon matrices. Partial photochemical rotamerization allows assignment of the IR bands and establishment of their relative intensities in pairs of rotamers, which permits, in turn, quantitation of equilibrium compositions prior to photolysis. The observed sp...

In Art and Visual Perception, Rudolf Arnheim, following on from Denman Ross's A Theory of Pure Design, proposed a Gestalt theory of visual composition. The current paper assesses a physicalist interpretation of Arnheim's theory, calculating an image's centre of mass (CoM). Three types of data are used: a large, representative collection of art photographs of recognised quality; croppings by exp...

In this study liquid phase equilibrium compositions were measured at 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure for (water + propan-1-ol + diethyl carbonate (DEC) + benzene or cyclohexane or heptane) quaternary systems and (water + DEC + propan-1-ol or benzene or cyclohexane) ternary systems. Good correlation of the experimental LLE data was seen for the measured systems by both modified and extended ...

BACKGROUND Mixed venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide has often been estimated in anaesthesia, usually by rebreathing techniques. This assumes equilibrium between respired gas and mixed venous blood before significant recirculation can occur, and requires vigorous rebreathing and precise identification of equilibrium. Modern clinical sidestream capnometers do not measure gas composition as...

A size-resolved equilibrium model, SELIQUID, is presented and used to simulate the size–composition distribution of semi-volatile inorganic aerosol in an urban environment. The model uses the efflorescence branch of aerosol behavior to predict the equilibrium partitioning of the aerosol components between the gas phase and a size-resolved aerosol population over the entire RH domain. Prediction...

A method based on fuzzy set theory is presented to incorporate imprecise thermodynamic parameters into chemical equilibrium calculations of aqueous systems. Imprecision may arise from uncertainties in experimental parameter determination as well as from inconsistency of available data in the literature. Fuzzy numbers with different shapes of membership functions are used to express imprecision ...

Expressions have been derived to show the dependence of alveolar oxygen and anaesthetic concentration on fresh gas flow to a circle system, the composition of fresh gas, ventilation and gas uptake. The form of these expressions is influenced by the degree of mixing of fresh and expired gases within the circle system. These expressions assume an equilibrium state within the circle system and the...

The present study is aimed at a detailed analysis of supercritical water structure based on the combination of experimental vibrational spectra as well as molecular modeling calculations of isolated water clusters. We propose an equilibrium cluster composition model where supercritical water is considered as an ideal mixture of small water clusters (n=1-3) at the chemical equilibrium and the vi...