OBJECTIVES To consider the effects of contamination on the magnitude and statistical significance (or precision) of the estimated effect of an educational intervention, to investigate the mechanisms of contamination, and to consider how contamination can be avoided. DATA SOURCES Major electronic databases were searched up to May 2005. METHODS An exploratory literature search was conducted. ...

Some HIV researchers are convinced that careful lab work is enough to prevent contamination. After seeing many examples of contamination pass by, we disagree. Contamination happens frequently, even in the best laboratories. It is not a thing of the past; cases of contamination can still be found in new publications. Screening for contamination should be done before the analysis of the sequences...

in order to investigate the microbiological safety of sanitary tissues made of recycled scrap papers in iran, random samples were taken for one year with the cooperation of the iranian standard and industrial research institute (karaj unit), of 44 types of sanitary tissues, two samples of each type including tissues, toilet papers and dippers as well as a control sample and their probable conta...

conclusions: the overall results of the analysed samples showed that the rate of fungal contamination in pure samples was higher than roasted with salt ones (p < 0.005). results of the current survey could be useful for minimizing fungal contamination and can educate people about the dangers of mold in nuts. background: nuts are one of the main consumed snacks worldwide and a significant compon...

OBJECTIVES Measurement of soil contamination levels has been considered a feasible method for dose estimation of internal radiation exposure following the Chernobyl disaster by means of aggregate transfer factors; however, it is still unclear whether the estimation of internal contamination based on soil contamination levels is universally valid or incident specific. METHODS To address this i...

The need for novel digital logic styles for both ultra low supply voltage and low power applications is more and more evident. Especially, for hand held and mobile equipement, the power and supply voltage are important aspects to consider when designing both analog and digital systems. The digital circuits shrink rapidly with the introduction of recent semiconductor processes. The energy requir...

Aflatoxins are potent mycotoxins that cause developmental and immune system suppression, cancer, and death. As a result of regulations intended to reduce human exposure, crop contamination with aflatoxins causes significant economic loss for producers, marketers, and processors of diverse susceptible crops. Aflatoxin contamination occurs when specific fungi in the genus Aspergillus infect crops...

Abstract: Some aspects of management of contamination risks based on monitoring contamination sources are under consideration. The case when direct measurements are impossible and the values of the contamination inputs should be estimated through observations of indirect indicators is studied. Standard mathematical models describing the diffusion of a contaminant in the form of partial differen...

aspergillums can produce and secrete directly afla­toxin m1. during the previous decade several papers pertaining to aflatoxin m1 have been published in different journals. not mention of their more or less scientific aspects, they have fundamentally some problems in different features. in this paper we are going to have a bird's eye view on some articles published on this topic. it is suggeste...