Background. The brand equity is raised as one key subject in founding the value creation for the brand. Nowadays, the sports managers are searching for creating a very powerful brand and favorable for their own organizations obtaining one long term and highlighting the consumers’ athletic experiences and the continuous relationship with them. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to focus ...

Issues around health equity in conflict-affected fragile states have received very little analysis to date. This paper examines the main factors that threaten health equity, the populations that are most vulnerable and potential strategies to improve health equity. The methods employed are a review of the published and grey literature, key informant interviews and an analysis of data on social ...

A strategic alliance is a hybrid organizational form that is between an arms length contract and a full-fledged merger between firms. In some alliances firms take a minority equity stake in the partner firm. We refer to these as equity alliances. Using data on 759 alliances, we examine the motivation for the use of equity in alliances. We study whether equity is intended to strengthen the contr...

This study examines notions of public finance equity in the six Arabian Gulf monarchies of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Because of unique characteristics of government expenditures and revenues in these monarchies, many of the standard concepts of public finance (such as the Benefits Principle, Abilityto-Pay Principle, Vertical Equity, and Horizontal...

electronic word of mouth (e-wom) is a new emergent arena in which, consumers share their experiences and reviews on various brands and products such as laptop with each other, through online communication channels. this is a practical and survey research. research’s statistical society is the students of allameh tabatabaei university. statistical sample is selected by relative categorized and a...

this study empirically examines whether managers manipulate reported income through the timing of sales of long-lived assets and investments. several empirical implications of the income-smoothing and debt-equity hypothesis in the context of asset sales were tested. the findings are consistent with the timing of asset sales by managers so that the recognized accounting income from these sales s...

Considering educational equity in English education as an important issue at schools in this modern time, this study aimed at comparing English education at schools of Iran and Finland from an educational equity point of view. The researcher used a qualitative research method comprising library method of research to do this study. To this end, a lot of up-to-date and useful articles, theses and...

This paper reviews recent stock market developments in Poland and the Czech Republic and provides a case-study of the direction of causality between stock market expansion and economic growth. It finds no evidence that the relative failure of the security market in the Czech Republic affected the country’s economy. It also analyses the composition of Polish private equity offerings and finds th...

In contrast to insurance companies, regulatory authorities or regulators can obtain only limited information about the companies’ value. It hence leads to some effects on the regulation design, which is however often overlooked in the literature. This paper characterizes the limited/imperfect information as Knightian [1921] uncertainty (ambiguity). In order to stress the analytical effects of a...

This paper incorporates the observation that in banking industries, debts are usually affected by current return and cannot be predetermined before competition. In a portfolio choice model, we have analyzed how two banks sequentially decide their capital structures through choosing equity levels, and then the levels of risky investment which is subject to the rival’s competition. Taking equity ...