conclusions our results indicated that an enormous proportion of k. pneumoniae isolated from sputum and surgical-wound swabs produced fully established biofilms. it is reasonable to assume the existence of a relationship between the site of infection and the formation of biofilm. a high level of genetic diversity among the k. pneumoniae strains was observed. results the distributions of the cli...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Infections due to seafood associated Salmonella serovars are great risk to public health. Different phenotypic characteristics have been used previously for epidemiological investigation of Salmonella. Beyond the phenotypic characterization, a reliable genetic level discriminatory method is required. Therefore, this study was attempted to use different phenotypic and mol...

BACKGROUND Vibrio cholerae is the causative organism of waterborne disease, cholera. V. cholerae has caused many epidemics and pandemics of cholera for many years. In this study, V. cholerae recovered from edible ice were investigated for their genetic diversity using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR and Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic (REP) PCR. Isolation was done u...

The study examined the relationship between environmental bacterial and pathological isolates of inward patients. It identified biological safety level procedures followed. This work was conducted during period from December2021 till May 2022 in Ramadi city (Anbar Governorate). Samples were divided into 30 samples collected hospital environment, sewage water, 100 clinical inpatients. These pati...