A Monte Carlo model of radiative transfer in multi-phase dusty media is applied to the situation of stars and clumpy dust in a sphere or a disk. The distribution of escaping and absorbed photons are shown for various filling factors and densities. Analytical methods of approximating the escaping fraction of radiation, based on the Mega-Grains approach [4], are discussed. Comparison with the Mon...

Even though mastocytoma P815 often undergoes a nearly complete rejection in syngeneic mice, the tumor cells almost always escape to form progressive tumors. We found that this was not due to the establishment of an immunosuppressed state because genetically marked P815 cells, that were injected in mice where tumor escape was occurring, were readily rejected. An analysis of escaping tumor cell p...

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is an epigenetic process that almost completely inactivates one of two X chromosomes in somatic cells of mammalian females. A few genes are known to escape XCI and the mechanism for this escape remains unclear. Here, using mouse trophoblast stem (TS) cells, we address whether particular chromosomal interactions facilitate escape from imprinted XCI. We demonstrate...

There are a number of circumstances in which an escape mechanism is needed in conjunction with a protocol to encode characters that cannot be represented or transmitted directly. With ASCII coding, the traditional escape has been either the decimal or hexadecimal numeric value of the character, written in a variety of different ways. The move to Unicode, where characters occupy two or more octe...

It is “the received wisdom” that any intuitively natural and consistent resolution of a class of semantic paradoxes immediately leads to other paradoxes just as bad as the first. This is often called the “revenge problem”. Some proponents of the received wisdom draw the conclusion that there is no hope of any natural treatment that puts all the paradoxes to rest: we must either live with the ex...

We study the finitely-generated group A of invertible polynomial mappings from @ to itself (or Iw3 to itself) which preserve the Fricke-Vogt invariant 1(x, y, z) = x2 + y* + z* 2xyz 1. Using properties of suitably-chosen generators, we give a necessary condition and sufficient conditions for infinite order elements of A to have an unbounded orbit escaping to infinity in forward or backward time...