same variety of soybeans grown in different locations (25,26). Also, in closed formula diets containing soybeans, the concentration of soybeans in the diet is not reported and may vary from batch to batch depending upon the supply and demand of dietary ingredients. This could explain why the phytoestrogen content of diets may vary greatly from batch to batch or from the same diet processed by d...

The effects of simple mixtures of chemicals, with similar mechanisms of action, can be predicted using the concentration addition model (CA). The ability of this model to predict the estrogenic effects of more complex mixtures such as effluent discharges, however, has yet to be established. Effluents from 43 U.K. wastewater treatment works were analyzed for the presence of the principal estroge...

The sum of the evidence supports the necessity to continue to investigate the developmental effects of estrogenic and antiestrogenic compounds when exposure occurs early in life. Additional studies will answer questions relevant to the molecular definition of the developmental or carcinogenic effects of estrogens such as hormone-induced gene alterations. These studies also support the need to u...

Although estrogenic activity of ovarian extracts has been reported for all classes of vertebrates and certain invertebrates, the chemical nature of the active compounds has been identified only in mammals. The hormone of the graafian follicle was isolated by MacCorquodale, Thayer, and Doisy (1) from liquor folliculi of sow ovaries and named dihydrotheelin, a synonym of estradiol-17p according t...

Introduction: 17β-estradiol modulates nociception by binding to estrogenic receptors and also by allosteric interaction with other membrane-bound receptors like glutamate and GABAA receptors. Beside its autonomic functions, paragigantocellularis lateralis (LPGi) nucleus is also involved in pain modulation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of the intracellular estrogen...

This paper brings up regarding the plant derived compounds with estrogenic activity. The authors correctly emphasize the need for control of estrogenicity of foods containing phyto-oestrogens in view of the significant health effects of various estrogenic derivatives. This is particularly essential in the light of the current wave of enthusiasm for vegetarian food in general and phytooestrogens...

THE ESSENTIAL FINDINGS OF THESE EXPERIMENTS MAY BE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS: The estrogenic hormone after being given for 1 week slows up the spread of India ink but allows it to reach and exceed a normal spread after 24 hours. After injections of the estrogenic hormone for 3 weeks the spread of India ink is much less than in the control animals. The resistance of the rabbit to vaccinia is increas...

Several studies have reported that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exhibit estrogenic activity; however, it is not clear if these responses are associated with the polychlorinated hydrocarbon or its hydroxylated metabolite. In order to further test this hypothesis, a battery of in vitro and in vivo assays were used to investigate the estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of 2,4,6,2',6'-pent...

Ingestion is an important exposure route for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to enter the human body. Although the formation of hazardous PAH metabolites by human biotransformation enzymes is well documented, nothing is known about the PAH transformation potency of human intestinal microbiota. Using a gastrointestinal simulator, we show that human intestinal microbiota can also bioactiv...